Quantum Theory Approach for Neutron Single and Double-Slit Diffraction

We provide a quantum approach description of neutron single and double-slit diffraction, with specific attention to the cold neutron diffraction ($\lambda \approx 20$\AA) carried out by Zeilinger et al. in 1988. We find the theoretical results are good agreement with experimental data.Comment: 10 page

An open cortico-basal ganglia loop allows limbic control over motor output via the nigrothalamic pathway

Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops are largely conceived as parallel circuits that process limbic, associative, and sensorimotor information separately. Whether and how these functionally distinct loops interact remains unclear. Combining genetic and viral approaches, we systemically mapped the limbic and motor cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops in rodents. Despite largely closed loops within each functional domain, we discovered a unidirectional influence of the limbic over the motor loop via ventral striatum-substantia nigra (SNr)-motor thalamus circuitry. Slice electrophysiology verifies that the projection from ventral striatum functionally inhibits nigro-thalamic SNr neurons. In vivo optogenetic stimulation of ventral or dorsolateral striatum to SNr pathway modulates activity in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and motor cortex (M1), respectively. However, whereas the dorsolateral striatum-SNr pathway exerts little impact on mPFC, activation of the ventral striatum-SNr pathway effectively alters M1 activity. These results demonstrate an open cortico-basal ganglia loop whereby limbic information could modulate motor output through ventral striatum control of M1

Effect of Initial Disturbance on The Detonation Front Structure of a Narrow Duct

The effect of an initial disturbance on the detonation front structure in a narrow duct is studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation. The numerical method used includes a high resolution fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme for spatial discretization, coupled with a third order total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta time stepping method. Two types of disturbances are used for the initial perturbation. One is a random disturbance which is imposed on the whole area of the detonation front, and the other is a symmetrical disturbance imposed within a band along the diagonal direction on the front. The results show that the two types of disturbances lead to different processes. For the random disturbance, the detonation front evolves into a stable spinning detonation. For the symmetrical diagonal disturbance, the detonation front displays a diagonal pattern at an early stage, but this pattern is unstable. It breaks down after a short while and it finally evolves into a spinning detonation. The spinning detonation structure ultimately formed due to the two types of disturbances is the same. This means that spinning detonation is the most stable mode for the simulated narrow duct. Therefore, in a narrow duct, triggering a spinning detonation can be an effective way to produce a stable detonation as well as to speed up the deflagration to detonation transition process.Comment: 30 pages and 11 figure

A novel approach to structure plant-based yogurts using high pressure processing

10.3390/foods9081126Foods98908112

Understanding buyers' loyalty to a C2C platform:The roles of social capital, satisfaction and perceived effectiveness of E-commerce institutional mechanisms

Drawing upon social capital theory, this study aims to investigate how different dimensions of social capital affect online buyers' satisfaction and ultimately boost their loyalty to a Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) platform. Specifically, we propose that three dimensions of social capital (i.e., cognitive, structural and relational capital) contribute positively to the two types of online buyers' satisfaction (i.e., economic and social satisfaction). In addition, we posit that perceived effectiveness of e-commerce institutional mechanisms (PEEIM) moderates the relationships between economic and social satisfaction and buyers' loyalty to the platform. Three hundred buyers on the Consumer-to-Consumer platform, TaoBao, were surveyed to test the proposed model. The results suggest that buyers' evaluation of social capital with the community of sellers can enhance their satisfaction with the sellers, which subsequently affect their loyalty to the platform. Furthermore, perceived effectiveness of e-commerce institutional mechanisms negatively moderates the effect of economic satisfaction and positively moderates the effect of social satisfaction on buyers' loyalty to the platform. The theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed

Design of a compact filtering rat-race hybrid with half-wavelength resonators

A novel compact filtering rat-race hybrid coupler with improved upper stopband is presented in this letter. Four coupled-resonator pairs are utilized to replace the λ/4- and 3λ/4-transmission lines in the conventional hybrid. Each coupled-resonator pair exhibits a bandpass filtering response and acts as a K-inverter. Eight resistors are placed at the center of the λ/2-resonators to suppress the 2nd-harmonic. For verification, a filtering rat-race hybrid is implemented with a center frequency of 1.27 GHz and 20-dB rejection band of 2.73 f0. Good in-phase and out-of-phase characteristics are obtained. The proposed device has a simple circuit topology, compact size and good performance