第791回 千葉医学会例会・第22回 麻酔科例会・第44回 千葉麻酔懇話会 9.

Correlations of plasma PIM-1 levels and clinicopathological parameters. (XLSX 11 kb

Comparisons of computation cost and aggregate signature size.

<p>Comparisons of computation cost and aggregate signature size.</p

Mechanistic Insight into Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reaction of Enynal/Enynone with Alkenes: Metal-Dependent Reaction Pathway

A systematic study of the transition metal-catalyzed reaction of enynal/enynone with alkenes has been reported. It was found that the reaction has two metal-dependent reaction pathways. One led to the formation of 1,2-DHN, while another led to cyclic-<i>o</i>-QDM

Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival of T2 gastric cancer according to tumor size (A), tumor location (B), curability (C), and pathological stage (D).

<p>Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival of T2 gastric cancer according to tumor size (A), tumor location (B), curability (C), and pathological stage (D).</p

Multivariate analysis of predictors of lymph node metastasis.

<p>Multivariate analysis of predictors of lymph node metastasis.</p

Phylogeographic Analyses Strongly Suggest Cryptic Speciation in the Giant Spiny Frog (Dicroglossidae: <i>Paa spinosa</i>) and Interspecies Hybridization in <i>Paa</i>

<div><p>Species identification is one of the most basic yet crucial issues in biology with potentially far-reaching implications for fields such as conservation, population ecology, and epidemiology. The widely distributed but threatened frog <i>Paa spinosa</i> has been speculated to represent a complex of multiple species. In this study, 254 individuals representing species of the genus <i>Paa</i> were investigated along the entire range of <i>P. spinosa</i>: 196 specimens of <i>P. spinosa</i>, 8 specimens of <i>P. jiulongensis</i>, 5 specimens of <i>P. boulengeri</i>, 20 specimens of <i>P. exilispinosa</i>, and 25 specimens of <i>P. shini</i>. Approximately 1333 bp of mtDNA sequence data (genes 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) were used. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. BEAST was used to estimate divergence dates of major clades. Results suggest that <i>P. spinosa</i> can be divided into three distinct major lineages. Each major lineage totally corresponds to geographical regions, revealing the presence of three candidate cryptic species. Isolation and differentiation among lineages are further supported by the great genetic distances between the lineages. The bifurcating phylogenetic pattern also suggests an east–west dispersal trend during historic cryptic speciation. Dating analysis estimates that <i>P. spinosa</i> from Western China split from the remaining <i>P. spinosa</i> populations in the Miocene and that <i>P. spinosa</i> from Eastern China diverged from Central China in the Pliocene. We also found that <i>P. exilispinosa</i> from Mainland China and Hong Kong might have a complex of multiple species. After identifying cryptic lineages, we then determine the discrepancy between the mtDNA and the morphotypes in several individuals. This discrepancy may have been caused by introgressive hybridization between <i>P. spinosa</i> and <i>P. shini</i>.</p></div

GPS coordinates and sample sizes for each geographic location.

<p>GPS coordinates and sample sizes for each geographic location.</p

Univariate analysis of predictors of lymph node metastasis.

<p>Univariate analysis of predictors of lymph node metastasis.</p

Numbers below the diagonal are genetic diversity within and between clades from mtDNA data, assessed by K2P distances (median, %).

<p>Standard error estimates are shown within brackets.</p

Phylogenetic relationships of haplotypes, geographic distribution, and frequency of each <i>Paa</i> haplotype.

<p>Phylogenetic relationships of haplotypes based on the 12S and 16S gene sequences, as determined by MP, ML, and Bayesian inference. Numbers above and below the branches are Bootstrap support values and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥50 are indicated by the nodes. Legend: asterisk (“*”) indicates 100% ML and MP bootstrap support and 1.0 Bayesian posterior probabilities. “B,” haplotypes of <i>P. boulengeri</i>; “H,” haplotypes of <i>P. spinosa;</i> “J,” haplotypes of <i>P. jiulongensis</i>; “E,” haplotypes of <i>P. exilispinosa</i>; “S,” haplotypes of <i>P. shini</i>. <i>P. spinosa</i> YN and <i>P. spinosa</i> JX, sequences of <i>P. spinosa</i> obtained from GenBank; <i>P. exilispinosa</i> HK and <i>P. exilispinosa</i> FJ, sequence of <i>P. exilispinosa</i> obtained from GenBank; <i>P. jiulongensis</i> FJ, sequence of <i>P. jiulongensis</i> obtained from GenBank; <i>P. shini</i> GX, sequence of <i>P. shini</i> obtained from GenBank; <i>P. taihangnica</i>, <i>P. liebigii</i>, <i>P. conaensis</i>, <i>P. medogensis</i>, <i>P. maculosa</i>, <i>P. arnoldi</i>, <i>P. chayuensis</i>, <i>P. robertingeri</i>, <i>P. yunanensis</i>, <i>P. bourreti</i>, sequence of <i>P. taihangnica</i>, <i>P. liebigii</i>, <i>P. conaensis</i>, <i>P. medogensis</i>, <i>P. maculosa</i>, <i>P. arnoldi</i>, <i>P. chayuensis</i>, <i>P. robertingeri</i>, <i>P. yunanensis</i>, <i>P. bourreti</i> obtained from GenBank respectively.</p