Determination of buffering capacity of the OTMCS-PEI-R18 polymer by acid-base titration.

<p>Solution containing the polymer (0.2 mg/mL) was adjusted to pH 10.0, and then titrated with HCl from 10.0 to 3.0.</p

Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA and OTMCS-PEI-R18 /DNA complexes.

<p>Agarose gel electrophoresis of OTMCS-PEI-R18-h/DNA(<b>A</b>) and OTMCS-PEI-R18-l/DNA(<b>B</b>) complexes at various w/w ratios, respectively. (<b>C</b>) Protection of plasmid DNA from degradation by DNase I at different concentrations of 0, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54 and 63 U DNase I/μg DNA. (<b>D</b>) Protection of plasmid DNA from dissociation by sodium heparin at varying concentrations of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 μg/mL.</p

Transfection efficiency of pGL3-Control as a reporter gene in mice.

<p>Transfection efficiency of pGL3-Control as a reporter gene in mice.</p

The intracellular distribution of complexes OTMCS-PEI-R18/DNA.

<p><b>(A)</b> Fluorescent confocal microscopic images of Hela cells treated with FITC-labeled OTMCS-PEI-R18 polyplexes for 0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h, where the FITC-labeled OTMCS-PEI-R18 was shown in green, and the HE stained nuclear was shown in blue. <b>(B)</b> Inhibitory effect of different concentrations of Paclitaxel (PTX), Colchicine (Col) and Acrylamide on transfection efficiency of OTMCS-PEI-R18/DNA complex in Hela cells at w/w ratio of 30. The RLU/mg protein in control cells was set to 100%.</p

Synthesis and putative structure of OTMCS-PEI-R18.

<p>Synthesis and putative structure of OTMCS-PEI-R18.</p

Gene transfection efficiency of OTMCS-PEI-R18/DNA polyplexes.

<p><b>(A)</b> Representative fluorescence images for transfection in Hela cells using OTMCS-PEI-R18 at w/w ratios of 5, 10, 20, and 30. <b>(B)</b> Transfection efficiency of OTMCS-PEI-R18/DNA complexes in Hela cell line at w/w ratios of 5, 10, 20, and 30.</p

Particle size and Zeta potential of OTMCS-PEI-R18/DNA at various w/w ratios.

<p>The average diameter gradually decreased (A) and the Zeta potential gradually increased (B) as the ratio of conjugated DNA increased.</p

The cytotoxicity of OTMCS-PEI-R18.

<p><b>(A)</b> Degradation of OTMCS-PEI-R18. <b>(B)</b> Cytotoxicity of OTMCS-PEI-R18 and other PEI derivates at various concentrations in Hela cell line using the MTT assay. OTMCS-PEI-R13, OTMCS-PEI and PEI 25 KDa were used as controls.</p

Observation of Exotic Domain Structures in Ferroelectric Nanodot Arrays Fabricated via a Universal Nanopatterning Approach

We report a facile and cost-competitive nanopatterning route, using Ar ion beam etching through a monolayer polystyrene sphere (PS) array placed on a ferroelectric epitaxial thin film, to fabricate ordered ferroelectric nanodot arrays. Using this method, well-ordered BiFeO₃ epitaxial nanodots, with tunable sizes from ∼100 to ∼900 nm in diameter, have been successfully synthesized. Interestingly, a plethora of exotic nanodomain structures, e.g., stripe domains, vortex and antivortex domains, and single domains, are observed in these nanodots. Moreover, this novel technique has been extended to produce Pb­(Zr,Ti)­O₃ nanodots and multiferroic composite Co/BiFeO₃ nanodots. These observations enable the creation of exotic domain structures and provide a wide range of application potentials for future nanoelectronic devices

Hydrological dynamics of two rice cultivars under the non-flooded irrigation treatments (the DI, FIM, and FIN treatments).

<p>Cultivar Ninggeng28 (japonica) (a, b) and cultivar Xindao17 (japonica) (c) were grown in fields in Shihezi in 2011 and 2012. Vertical bars represent ±S.E. of the mean (n=3). F represents the flowering stage. Abbreviations are same as Figure 1.</p