δ13C Is a Signature of Light Availability and Photosynthesis in Seagrass

We explored the role of light-saturated (carbon-limited) photosynthesis on δ¹³C of turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig) populations from the clear, blue waters of the Great Bahama Bank and the turbid, green waters of Florida Bay using field observations and radiative transfer models. Consistent with numerous previous observations, leaf δ¹³C decreased significantly with water depth in both regions. However the δ¹³C for Bahamas turtlegrass was 3 parts per thousand heavier than that for Florida Bay turtlegrass at equivalent depths, and broadband irradiance explained even less of the δ¹³C variations than depth. Instead, leaf δ¹³C showed a stronger relationship to the fraction of the day that photosynthesis of the intact plant canopy was carbon-limited. When the Bahamas and Florida Bay δ¹³C values were related to the fraction of the day that photosynthesis was carbon-limited, the variations in leaf δ¹³C observed for Florida and Bahamas populations collapsed into a single relationship that explained 65% of the variation in leaf δ¹³C . Consequently, turtlegrass from the Bahamas was isotopically heavier than Florida Bay populations growing at equivalent depths because they were more carbon-limited (= light-saturated) for a larger fraction of the day. The ability to predict turtlegrass δ¹³C from the daily period of carbon-limited photosynthesis provides a mechanistic link to fundamental relationships between light and photosynthesis that can transcend geographic differences in depth and water-column optical properties, and may permit leaf δ¹³C to provide a robust indicator of recent photosynthetic performance and plant survival in response to changing environmental conditions

Variations of “Large Class Size” in Chinese Elementary Schools and Analysis of Policy Factors

This research aims to analyze variations of “large class size” in Chinese elementary schools and the influences of education policies on it. Through SPSS21.0, Independent-Samples T Test is adopted to analyze the continuous eleven years” data in “Chinese Educational Statistics Yearbook (2001-2011)”, and the findings are as follows. Firstly, the number of “large class size” in elementary schools presents obvious variations. Secondly, the absolute number of “large class size” in elementary schools shows large fluctuations, while the proportion of “large class size” in elementary schools constantly increases. Thirdly, obvious variations appear in the spatial distribution of the number of “large class size” in elementary schools. “Large class size” in elementary schools has already transferred from urban and rural areas to counties and towns, and the number and proportion of “large class size” in elementary schools in counties and towns has exceeded the sum of that in urban and rural areas. Fourthly, variations of “large class size” in elementary schools result from “closing and merging schools” policy and “two priorities” policy in China

An analytical methodology of rock burst with fully mechanized top-coal caving mining in steeply inclined thick coal seam

Rock burst disaster is still one of the most serious dynamic disasters in coal mining, seriously restricting the safety of coal mining. The b value is the main parameter for monitoring rock burst, and by analyzing its changing characteristics, it can effectively predict the dangerous period of rock burst. This article proposes a method based on deep learning that can predict rock burst using data generated from microseismic monitoring in underground mining. The method first calculates the b value from microseismic monitoring data and constructs a time series dataset, and uses the dynamic time warping algorithm (DTW) to reconstruct the established b value time series. A bidirectional short-term and short-term memory network (BiLSTM) loaded with differential evolution algorithm and attention mechanism was used for training, and a prediction model for the dangerous period of rock burst based on differential algorithm optimization was constructed. The study used microseismic monitoring data from the B1+2 fully mechanized mining face and B3+6 working face in the southern mining area of Wudong Coal Mine for engineering case analysis. The commonly used residual sum of squares, mean square error, root mean square error, and correlation coefficient R2 for time series prediction were introduced, which have significant advantages compared to basic LSTM algorithms. This verifies that the prediction method proposed in this article has good prediction results and certain feasibility, and can provide technical support for the prediction and prevention of rock burst in steeply inclined thick coal seams in strong earthquake areas

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

CBERS-02 Remote Sensing Data Mining Using Decision Tree Algorithm

In recent years, decision tree algorithms have been successfully used for land cover classification from remote sensing data. In this paper, CART (classification and regression trees) and C5.0 decision tree algorithms were used to CBERS-02 remote sensing data. Firstly, the remote sensing data was transformed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multiple-band algorithm. Then, the training data was collected from the combining total 20 processed bands. Finally, the decision tree was constructed by CART and C5.0 algorithm respectively. Comparing two results, the most important variables are clearly band3,4, band1,4 and band2,4. The depth of the CART tree is only two with the relative high accuracy. The classification outcome was calculated by CART tree. In order to validate the classification accuracy of CART tree, the Confusion Matrices was generated by the ground truth data collected using visual interpretation and the field survey and the kappa coefficient is 0.95

Location choice of Chinese urban fringe residents on employment, housing, and urban services: A case study of Nanjing

Urban fringe area is the most important space for city development. It includes several complicated elements, such as population, space, and management organization. On the basis of local population attributes in the city fringe area combined with people’s movement characteristics in time and space, this article reclassifies basic public service facilities and discusses the relationship between facility layout and housing, employment, and commuter transportation. Through a questionnaire survey in Qiaobei District of the urban fringe area in Nanjing and on the basis of comparative analysis, we discuss the impact factor on the choice of housing, urban services, and the tolerance of commuting time. Our findings indicate mutual promoting and restricting connections among living, employment, and services. Workers’ living situation determines their daily behavior, such as dining, shopping, and entertainment. Furthermore, different income levels have a great influence on residents’ choices with regard to places to live and develop their careers

Location choice of Chinese urban fringe residents on employment, housing, and urban services: A case study of Nanjing

Urban fringe area is the most important space for city development. It includes several complicated elements, such as population, space, and management organization. On the basis of local population attributes in the city fringe area combined with people’s movement characteristics in time and space, this article reclassifies basic public service facilities and discusses the relationship between facility layout and housing, employment, and commuter transportation. Through a questionnaire survey in Qiaobei District of the urban fringe area in Nanjing and on the basis of comparative analysis, we discuss the impact factor on the choice of housing, urban services, and the tolerance of commuting time. Our findings indicate mutual promoting and restricting connections among living, employment, and services. Workers’ living situation determines their daily behavior, such as dining, shopping, and entertainment. Furthermore, different income levels have a great influence on residents’ choices with regard to places to live and develop their careers

Fault Geometry and Mechanism of the Mw 5.7 Nakchu Earthquake in Tibet Inferred from InSAR Observations and Stress Measurements

Different types of focal mechanism solutions for the 19 March 2021 Mw 5.7 Nakchu earthquake, Tibet, limit our understanding of this earthquake’s seismogenic mechanism and geodynamic process. In this study, the coseismic deformation field was determined and the geometric parameters of the seismogenic fault were inverted via Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) processing of Sentinel-1 data. The inversion results show that the focal mechanism solutions of the Nakchu earthquake are 237°/69°/−70° (strike/dip/rake), indicating that the seismogenic fault is a NEE-trending, NW-dipping fault dominated by the normal faulting with minor sinistral strike-slip components. The regional tectonic stress field derived from the in-situ stress measurements shows that the orientation of maximum principal compressive stress around the epicenter of the Nakchu earthquake is NNE, subparallel to the fault strike, which controlled the dominant normal faulting. The occurrence of seven M ≥ 7.0 historical earthquakes since the M 7.0 Shenza earthquake in 1934 caused a stress increase of 1.16 × 105 Pa at the hypocenter, which significantly advanced the occurrence of the Nakchu earthquake. Based on a comprehensive analysis of stress fields and focal mechanisms of the Nakchu earthquake, we propose that the dominated normal faulting occurs to accommodate the NE-trending compression of the Indian Plate to the Eurasian Plate and the strong historical earthquakes hastened the process. These results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the geometry and mechanics of the seismogenic fault that produced the Nakchu earthquake

Efficiency Analysis of Wireless Power Transmission for Portable Electronics

With the portable electronics becoming more and more popular, a model of wireless power transmission for general portable electronics was presented based on the principles of magnetic resonance transmission. And that transferring the model to an equivalent circuit was possible to calculate. The characteristics of the system and the optimal conditions were analyzed, and the influence of the transmission efficiency for the Coupling factor and the Quality factor was discussed. The theory analysis and simulation in MATLAB show that the performance of the system can be optimized by adjusting the coupling factor between the transmitter coupling coils. Furthermore, the feasibility of this theory was proven by experiments. Thus, this paper provides a useful reference to improve the wireless power transmission for portable electronics

Efficiency Analysis of Wireless Power Transmission for Portable Electronics

With the portable electronics becoming more and more popular, a model of wireless power transmission for general portable electronics was presented based on the principles of magnetic resonance transmission. And that transferring the model to an equivalent circuit was possible to calculate. The characteristics of the system and the optimal conditions were analyzed, and the influence of the transmission efficiency for the Coupling factor and the Quality factor was discussed. The theory analysis and simulation in MATLAB show that the performance of the system can be optimized by adjusting the coupling factor between the transmitter coupling coils. Furthermore, the feasibility of this theory was proven by experiments. Thus, this paper provides a useful reference to improve the wireless power transmission for portable electronics