357 research outputs found
Elevated-temperature impact toughness of Mgâ(Gd, Y)âZr alloy
The Charpy impact results for Mgâ10Gdâ3Yâ0.5Zr and Mgâ11Yâ5Gdâ2Znâ0.5Zr alloys at various temperatures showed that Mgâ10Gdâ3Yâ0.5Zr was more sensitive to temperature. The increase in impact toughness with temperature was related to the blunt crack-tip at high temperatures. The delamination and local melt of matrix were responsible for the brittle-to-ductile transition of GW103 alloy. The branch and bridging of cracks resulting from ordered phases played an import role in the change in fracture mode from cleavage fracture to quasi-cleavage and dimple-fracture for WGZ1152 alloy
A novel microstructural design to improve the oxidation resistance of ZrB[sub]2-SiC ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs)
Tight-binding g-Factor Calculations of CdSe Nanostructures
The Lande g-factors for CdSe quantum dots and rods are investigated within
the framework of the semiempirical tight-binding method. We describe methods
for treating both the n-doped and neutral nanostructures, and then apply these
to a selection of nanocrystals of variable size and shape, focusing on
approximately spherical dots and rods of differing aspect ratio. For the
negatively charged n-doped systems, we observe that the g-factors for
near-spherical CdSe dots are approximately independent of size, but show strong
shape dependence as one axis of the quantum dot is extended to form rod-like
structures. In particular, there is a discontinuity in the magnitude of
g-factor and a transition from anisotropic to isotropic g-factor tensor at
aspect ratio ~1.3. For the neutral systems, we analyze the electron g-factor of
both the conduction and valence band electrons. We find that the behavior of
the electron g-factor in the neutral nanocrystals is generally similar to that
in the n-doped case, showing the same strong shape dependence and discontinuity
in magnitude and anisotropy. In smaller systems the g-factor value is dependent
on the details of the surface model. Comparison with recent measurements of
g-factors for CdSe nanocrystals suggests that the shape dependent transition
may be responsible for the observations of anomalous numbers of g-factors at
certain nanocrystal sizes.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures. Fixed typos to match published versio
First Measurements of Rayleigh-Taylor-Induced Magnetic Fields in Laser-produced Plasmas
The first experimental demonstration of Rayleigh-Taylor-induced magnetic fields due to the Biermann battery effect has been made. Experiments with laser-irradiated plastic foils were performed to investigate these illusive fields using a monoenergetic proton radiography system. Path-integrated B field strength measurements were inferred from radiographs and found to increase from 10 to 100ââTâÎźm during the linear growth phase for 120ââÎźm perturbations. Proton fluence modulations were corrected for Coulomb scattering using measured areal density profiles from x-ray radiographs.United States. Dept. of Energy (grant DE-FG52-09NA29553)University of Rochester. Fusion Science Center (grant 415023-G)University of Rochester. Laboratory for Laser Energetics (grant 414090-G)Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (grant B580243)National Laser Userâs Facility (grant DE-NA0000877
Synchronization of multi-phase oscillators: An Axelrod-inspired model
Inspired by Axelrod's model of culture dissemination, we introduce and
analyze a model for a population of coupled oscillators where different levels
of synchronization can be assimilated to different degrees of cultural
organization. The state of each oscillator is represented by a set of phases,
and the interaction --which occurs between homologous phases-- is weighted by a
decreasing function of the distance between individual states. Both ordered
arrays and random networks are considered. We find that the transition between
synchronization and incoherent behaviour is mediated by a clustering regime
with rich organizational structure, where some of the phases of a given
oscillator can be synchronized to a certain cluster, while its other phases are
synchronized to different clusters.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Dynamics of barrier penetration in thermal medium: exact result for inverted harmonic oscillator
Time evolution of quantum tunneling is studied when the tunneling system is
immersed in thermal medium. We analyze in detail the behavior of the system
after integrating out the environment. Exact result for the inverted harmonic
oscillator of the tunneling potential is derived and the barrier penetration
factor is explicitly worked out as a function of time. Quantum mechanical
formula without environment is modifed both by the potential renormalization
effect and by a dynamical factor which may appreciably differ from the
previously obtained one in the time range of 1/(curvature at the top of
potential barrier).Comment: 30 pages, LATEX file with 11 PS figure
Cosmic Rays during BBN as Origin of Lithium Problem
There may be non-thermal cosmic rays during big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN)
epoch (dubbed as BBNCRs). This paper investigated whether such BBNCRs can be
the origin of Lithium problem or not. It can be expected that BBNCRs flux will
be small in order to keep the success of standard BBN (SBBN). With favorable
assumptions on the BBNCR spectrum between 0.09 -- 4 MeV, our numerical
calculation showed that extra contributions from BBNCRs can account for the
Li abundance successfully. However Li abundance is only lifted an order
of magnitude, which is still much lower than the observed value. As the
deuteron abundance is very sensitive to the spectrum choice of BBNCRs, the
allowed parameter space for the spectrum is strictly constrained. We should
emphasize that the acceleration mechanism for BBNCRs in the early universe is
still an open question. For example, strong turbulent magnetic field is
probably the solution to the problem. Whether such a mechanism can provide the
required spectrum deserves further studies.Comment: 34 pages, 21 figures, published versio
Spinor Field in Bianchi type-I Universe: regular solutions
Self-consistent solutions to the nonlinear spinor field equations in General
Relativity has been studied for the case of Bianchi type-I (B-I) space-time. It
has been shown that, for some special type of nonliearity the model provides
regular solution, but this singularity-free solutions are attained at the cost
of broken dominant energy condition in Hawking-Penrose theorem. It has also
been shown that the introduction of -term in the Lagrangian generates
oscillations of the B-I model, which is not the case in absence of
term. Moreover, for the linear spinor field, the term provides
oscillatory solutions, those are regular everywhere, without violating dominant
energy condition.
Key words: Nonlinear spinor field (NLSF), Bianch type -I model (B-I),
term
PACS 98.80.C CosmologyComment: RevTex, 21 page
Oscillations of a solid sphere falling through a wormlike micellar fluid
We present an experimental study of the motion of a solid sphere falling
through a wormlike micellar fluid. While smaller or lighter spheres quickly
reach a terminal velocity, larger or heavier spheres are found to oscillate in
the direction of their falling motion. The onset of this instability correlates
with a critical value of the velocity gradient scale
s. We relate this condition to the known complex rheology of wormlike
micellar fluids, and suggest that the unsteady motion of the sphere is caused
by the formation and breaking of flow-induced structures.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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