A Second Look at String-Inspired Models for Proton-Proton Scattering via Pomeron Exchange

We re-examine a string dual model for elastic proton-proton scattering via Pomeron exchange. We argue that the method of "Reggeizing" a propagator to take into account an entire trajectory of exchanged particles can be generalized, in particular by modifying the value of the mass-shell parameter in the model. We then fit the generalized model to scattering data at large s and small t. The fitting results are inconclusive, but suggest that a better fit might be obtained by allowing the mass-shell to vary. The model fits the data equally well (roughly) for a wide range of values of the mass-shell parameter, but the other fitting parameters (the slope and intercept of the Regge trajectory, and the coupling constant and dipole mass from the proton-proton-glueball coupling) are then inconsistent with what we expect. On the other hand, using the traditional method of Reggeization generates a weaker fit, but the other parameters obtain more physically reasonable values. In analyzing the fitting results, we also found that our model is more consistent with the sqrt(s) = 1800 GeV coming from the E710 experiment than that coming from the CDF experiment, and that our model has the greatest discrepancy with the data in the range 0.5 GeV^2 < |t| < 0.6 GeV^2, suggesting that the transition from soft Pomeron to hard Pomeron may occur closer to t = -0.5 GeV^2 rather than t = -0.6 GeV^2 as previously thought.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 2 table

A study of long time behavior of aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide (Peo) and aqueous salt (potassium sulfate) solution of Peo using dynamic light scattering

This work involves the study of the long time behavior of dilute aqueous solutions of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and the properties of dilute aqueous salt (K{dollar}\sb2{dollar}SO{dollar}\sb4{dollar}) solutions of PEO by using the dynamic light scattering technique; The long time study measurement results indicated that the values of the polydispersity factor and the mutual diffusion coefficient of the PEO particles of the solutions changed very slowly. The analysis of the measured data implied that the aggregation of PEO in a dilute aqueous solution might not be an inherent property of the solution, and the aggregation was probably caused by the impurities in the solution; A series groups of aqueous salt (K{dollar}\sb2{dollar}SO{dollar}\sb4{dollar}) solutions of PEO with the K{dollar}\sb2{dollar}SO{dollar}\sb4{dollar} concentrations of 0.5M, 1.0M, 2.0M, 3.0M and 0.4M, were investigated using the dynamic light scattering technique The results indicated that the K{dollar}\sb{\rm d}{dollar} values decreased with increasing the concentration of K{dollar}\sb2{dollar}SO{dollar}\sb4{dollar}. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

Learning Russian Prefixes for Verbs of Motion Through Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality

The Russian language is widely considered one of the most difficult languages to master for native English speakers. Moreover, Russian Verbs of Motion (VoM) are one of the most difficult grammar points for students to comprehend. In the 1960s, James J. Asher proposed the Total Physical Response (TPR) method to facilitate students\u27 learning of Russian; this method has proven to be effective. We adopted the TPR method, which is commonly used in the classroom, and applied it to Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) platforms to assist students in learning Russian VoM in an immersive environment. In our VR program, which currently runs as a web based application and on VR headsets, students are given verbal voice commands in Russian and are expected to move according to those commands. Feedback is provided immediately upon the student\u27s action. At the conclusion of the program, by way of assessment, the student takes a short quiz to see if s/he has mastered the material. The Augmented Reality program, which consists or a booklet and a pilot exercise, requires students to install the application ARIS on their mobile phones; the use of mobile phones enables students to physically move in real locations. Feedback is provided through geolocation tags and AR targets

Immersion on the Edge: A Cooperative Framework for Mobile Immersive Computing

Immersive computing (IC) technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality are gaining tremendous popularity. In this poster, we present CoIC, a Cooperative framework for mobile Immersive Computing. The design of CoIC is based on a key insight that IC tasks among different applications or users might be similar or redundant. CoIC enhances the performance of mobile IC applications by caching and sharing computation-intensive IC results on the edge. Our preliminary evaluation results on an AR application show that CoIC can reduce the recognition and rendering latency by up to 52.28% and 75.86% respectively on current mobile devices.Comment: This poster has been accepted by the SIGCOMM in June 201

Evaluation of Non-Spherical Scattering Bodies for Ambisonic Microphone Arrays

The XMA was recently presented, which is a higher-order ambisonic microphone array with a non-spherical scattering body. The approach is compatible with the also recently presented equatorial microphone array so that also XMAs can be designed with the microphones distributed solely on a circumferential contour around the scattering body. This greatly reduces the required number of microphones compared to classical spherical microphone arrays that require the microphones to be distributed over the entire surface of the scatterer. The equatorial XMA has so far only been evaluated as a head-mounted array, i.e. with a human head as the baffle. Other form factors of a range of sizes are also of practical relevance, particularly those form factors of 360 cameras as these are capable of capturing a complete panoramic audio-visual experience from a first-person view when combined with an equatorial XMA. We present a set of simulations based on which we identify what spherical harmonic orders can be obtained with what accuracy for a set of convex scattering body geometries that are of relevance in the given context. We demonstrate that the shape of the body is not very critical, and even corners are possible. The main limitation is that small bodies do not allow for extracting higher orders at low frequencies

Evaluation of Non-Spherical Scattering Bodies for Ambisonic Microphone Arrays

The XMA was recently presented, which is a higher-order ambisonic microphone array with a non-spherical scattering body. The approach is compatible with the also recently presented equatorial microphone array so that also XMAs can be designed with the microphones distributed solely on a circumferential contour around the scattering body. This greatly reduces the required number of microphones compared to classical spherical microphone arrays that require the microphones to be distributed over the entire surface of the scatterer. The equatorial XMA has so far only been evaluated as a head-mounted array, i.e. with a human head as the baffle. Other form factors of a range of sizes are also of practical relevance, particularly those form factors of 360 cameras as these are capable of capturing a complete panoramic audio-visual experience from a first-person view when combined with an equatorial XMA. We present a set of simulations based on which we identify what spherical harmonic orders can be obtained with what accuracy for a set of convex scattering body geometries that are of relevance in the given context. We demonstrate that the shape of the body is not very critical, and even corners are possible. The main limitation is that small bodies do not allow for extracting higher orders at low frequencies

The utilization of second generation feedstocks for the production of platform chemicals by filamentous fungi

The depletion of petroleum and other platform chemical resources are a global concern; therefore alternative substrates must be identified to replace these current sources. Thus allowing research in fungal biotechnology to prosper, as filamentous fungi can utilize second-generation feedstocks or agricultural waste to produce these petroleum derived platform chemicals. This research focuses on the ability of filamentous fungi to use different second-generation feedstocks such as wheat bran and sugar cane bagasse to generate platform chemicals of interest, namely being itaconic acid (IA) and other organic acids of interest, such as citric acid. This study focused on the metabolite producing capabilities of Aspergillus terreus, initially in a shake flask fermentation environment and then in an Airlift Bioreactor environment utilizing hydrolyzed wheat bran and sugar cane bagasse as a substrate source to produce metabolites of interest. The initial shake flask fermentation experiment involved inoculation and incubating A. terreus in hydrolyzed wheat bran with additional minerals at 30°C for 5 days at a pH range of between 3-4. The result yielded itaconic acid and citric acid concentrations of 1.01g/l and 6.23g/l at their peaks, respectively. The airlift bioreactor was run for 16 days with a constant pH range between 3-4, at a temperature of 30°C with a dissolved oxygen level of 20g/l. The result of the study yielded a high itaconic acid and citric acid concentration peaking at 59.4 g/l and 59.2 g/l, respectively

Spectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes with atomic nanowire filling

The tight nanopore of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) offer atomically smooth templates for the growth of ultrathin one-dimensional (1D) nanocrystals. Although filling of various types of compounds or molecules inside carbon nanotubes has been reported over the last 20 years or so, a comprehensive understand on the physics behind such a coupling between the 1D nanomaterials is far from satisfactory. In this thesis, the optical properties of chirality-refined SWCNTs filled by ultrathin nanowire-shaped crystals were studied by means of steady-state and timeresolved spectroscopy. By encapsulating mercury telluride (HgTe), a narrow band gap semiconductor in the bulk form, the excitonic properties, phonon features and transient dynamics of nanotubes were found to be noticeably changed. Additionally, it was revealed that the performance of carbon nanotubes was determined by both the geometry of nanowire and SWCNT parameters such as chirality or tube diameter. Later in this thesis, the influence of environment on the optical properties of SWCNTs was investigated. By means of photoluminescence characterization, it was demonstrated that a change of the suspending medium from water to gelatin matrix can lead to a modified many-body interactions in nanotubes. Based on the subsequent temperature-dependent photoluminescence and Raman measurements, it was found that the encapsulated nanowires can alter both the intratube stiffness and the intertube interactions of carbon nanotubes

Further results on laws of large numbers for uncertain random variables

summary:The uncertainty theory was founded by Baoding Liu to characterize uncertainty information represented by humans. Basing on uncertainty theory, Yuhan Liu created chance theory to describe the complex phenomenon, in which human uncertainty and random phenomenon coexist. In this paper, our aim is to derive some laws of large numbers (LLNs) for uncertain random variables. The first theorem proved the Etemadi type LLN for uncertain random variables being functions of pairwise independent and identically distributed random variables and uncertain variables without satisfying the conditions of regular, independent and identically distributed (IID). Two kinds of Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund type LLNs for uncertain random variables were established in the case of $p \in (0, 1)$ by the second theorem, and in the case of $p > 1$ by the third theorem, respectively. For better illustrating of LLNs for uncertain random variables, some examples were stated and explained. Compared with the existed theorems of LLNs for uncertain random variables, our theorems are the generalised results

Extraction of aminoglycoside antibiotics with reverse micelles

The reverse micelle system of sodium di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate was used to extract aminoglycoside antibiotics, neomycin and gentamicin. The aminoglycosides can be efficiently extracted into a reverse micelle solution, and the antibiotics extracted into the micelle phase can readily be recovered back to a divalent cation aqueous solution, such as Ca 2+ . The transfer efficiency, % E , is heavily dependent on pH and salt concentration in the aqueous feed solution. % E decreases drastically with pH in the pH range 8·5–11, and declines with increasing (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 concentration. A simple transfer mechanism was proposed which suggests that the antibiotic molecules were extracted into the inner water cores of reverse micelles through attractive electrostatic interaction during forward transfer. In backward transfer, the antibiotics loaded in the micelle phase are released back to an aqueous phase through breaking up of the reverse micelles by using divalent cation solutions. The model is supported by the results of dynamic light scattering and infra-red spectroscopy study.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/38295/1/390_ftp.pd