Why cyberbullies choose cyberspace: From the perspective of uses and gratifications

This study employs uses and gratifications (U&G) theory to examine the motives and face-to-face bullying experiences of cyberbullies and how those motives and experiences influence their Internet bullying. An online survey and multiple regressions were employed to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that a cyberbully with more victim experience in face-to-face bullying will be more likely to have reactive than instrumental aggression motives to conduct cyberbullying behavior; while a cyberbully with more bully experience in face-to-face bullying will be more inclined to instrumental than reactive aggression motives. Further, a cyberbully with either reactive motives or instrumental motives relies on both the anonymity and wider audience available on the Internet. The results contribute to U&G theory with problem behavior research, and some practical applications of anti-cyberbullying campaigns are discussed

Angelica Dahurica Regulated the Polarization of Macrophages and Accelerated Wound Healing in Diabetes: A Network Pharmacology Study and In Vivo Experimental Validation

Diabetic wounds exhibit retarded and partial healing processes. Therefore, patients are exposed to an elevated risk of infection. It has been verified that Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. and Hook. f. ex Franch. and Sav (A. dahurica) is conducive for wound healing. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of A. dahurica are yet to be established. The present study uses network pharmacology and in vivo experimental validation to investigate the underlying process that makes A. dahurica conducive for faster wound healing in diabetes patients. 54 potential targets in A. dahurica that act on wound healing were identified through network pharmacology assays, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), JUN, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2). Furthermore, in vivo validation showed that A. dahurica accelerated wound healing through anti-inflammatory effects. More specifically, it regulates the polarization of M1 and M2 subtypes of macrophages. A. dahurica exerted a curative effect on diabetic wound healing by regulating the inflammation. Hence, pharmacologic network analysis combined with in vivo validation elucidated the probable effects and underlying mechanisms of A. dahurica’s therapeutic effect on diabetic wound healing

An informed approach to the development of primary care pediatric firearm safety messages

BACKGROUND: Firearm ownership is prevalent in the US and many children spend time in areas where firearms are not stored safely. The AAP recommends firearm safety counseling at pediatric well-visits. METHODS: We developed and tested six contextual messages to promote safe firearm storage based on: absence of harm, collective appeal to understanding child behavior, pediatrician\u27s authority, evidence-based, fear appeal, and general safety considerations. One hundred four parents who keep firearms at home were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk Prime and viewed video messages and reported behavioral intentions and emotional reactions following each message. RESULTS: All six contextual messages were perceived as important and believable and increased parents\u27 intentions to follow safety advice provided, but also elicited negative emotions. The authority message elicited more negative emotions and resulted in lower intentions to follow safe storage advice. CONCLUSIONS: Including firearm messages with other child safety advice merits further evaluation. Authority messages should be avoided

Binding of guide piRNA triggers methylation of the unstructured N-terminal region of Aub leading to assembly of the piRNA amplification complex

Piwi proteins use guide piRNAs to repress selfish genomic elements, protecting the genomic integrity of gametes and ensuring the fertility of animal species. Efficient transposon repression depends on amplification of piRNA guides in the ping-pong cycle, which in Drosophila entails tight cooperation between two Piwi proteins, Aub and Ago3. Here we show that post-translational modification, symmetric dimethylarginine (sDMA), of Aub is essential for piRNA biogenesis, transposon silencing and fertility. Methylation is triggered by loading of a piRNA guide into Aub, which exposes its unstructured N-terminal region to the PRMT5 methylosome complex. Thus, sDMA modification is a signal that Aub is loaded with piRNA guide. Amplification of piRNA in the ping-pong cycle requires assembly of a tertiary complex scaffolded by Krimper, which simultaneously binds the N-terminal regions of Aub and Ago3. To promote generation of new piRNA, Krimp uses its two Tudor domains to bind Aub and Ago3 in opposite modification and piRNA-loading states. Our results reveal that post-translational modifications in unstructured regions of Piwi proteins and their binding by Tudor domains that are capable of discriminating between modification states is essential for piRNA biogenesis and silencing

Transaction Fairness in Blockchains, Revisited

With the growing number of decentralized finance applications, transaction fairness in blockchains has gained intensive research interest. As a broad concept in the distributed systems and blockchain literature, fairness has been used in different contexts, varying from ones related to the system\u27s liveness to ones that focus on the received order of transactions. In this work, we revisit the fairness definitions known so far and provide a more generic fairness definition called verifiable fairness. Our definition relaxes the ordering rules that are inherently embedded in prior definitions to a predicate defined by concrete applications. Our notion thus gains flexibility and generality, capturing all existing fairness definitions. We provide a solution that achieves our new fairness definition, leveraging trusted hardware. Unlike prior works that usually design a dedicated consensus protocol to achieve fairness goals, our solution is modular and can be integrated with any blockchain system. We implement a prototype using Go Ethereum (Geth) as the blockchain and OpenSGX as the trusted hardware. Evaluation results reveal that our construction imposes only minimal overhead on existing blockchain systems

Binding of guide piRNA triggers methylation of the unstructured N-terminal region of Aub leading to assembly of the piRNA amplification complex

Piwi proteins use guide piRNAs to repress selfish genomic elements, protecting the genomic integrity of gametes and ensuring the fertility of animal species. Efficient transposon repression depends on amplification of piRNA guides in the ping-pong cycle, which in Drosophila entails tight cooperation between two Piwi proteins, Aub and Ago3. Here we show that post-translational modification, symmetric dimethylarginine (sDMA), of Aub is essential for piRNA biogenesis, transposon silencing and fertility. Methylation is triggered by loading of a piRNA guide into Aub, which exposes its unstructured N-terminal region to the PRMT5 methylosome complex. Thus, sDMA modification is a signal that Aub is loaded with piRNA guide. Amplification of piRNA in the ping-pong cycle requires assembly of a tertiary complex scaffolded by Krimper, which simultaneously binds the N-terminal regions of Aub and Ago3. To promote generation of new piRNA, Krimp uses its two Tudor domains to bind Aub and Ago3 in opposite modification and piRNA-loading states. Our results reveal that post-translational modifications in unstructured regions of Piwi proteins and their binding by Tudor domains that are capable of discriminating between modification states is essential for piRNA biogenesis and silencing

Availability and trend of dissemination of cardiac rehabilitation in China: report from the multicenter national registration platform between 2012 and 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the current status of cardiac rehabilitation programs in China by registering and tracking patients undergoing CR programs in the database. Data were extracted from the online registry platform of the China Society of Cardiopulmonary Prevention and Rehabilitation from February 2012 to December 2021. Overall, data on 19,896 patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) from 159 hospitals in 34 provinces of China were extracted. From a time point of view, the number of patients who had undergone CR and institutions that perform CR showed the first decline in 2009 and then increased until 2021. From a geographic point of view, the degree of participation varied greatly among regions, most of which were concentrated in eastern parts of China. A higher population of patients who underwent CR were male, aged less than 60 years, with low-a risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), and tended to choose the hospital-based CR program among all cases registered in the database. The top three diseases in the patients who participated in CR were CHD, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome (MS). Centers with CR were more likely to be tertiary-level hospitals. After adjusting for baseline values, there were significant differences in post-CR exercise capacity among the three groups (home-based CR group, hospital-based CR group, and hybrid CR group), which were in favor of the hybrid CR group compared with other groups. The underutilization of CR is a global issue, not just in China. Despite the number of CR programs showing an increasing trend in the past years, CR in China is still in the preliminary stage of development. Furthermore, the participation of CR in China shows wide diversity across geography, disease, age, sex, risk stratification, and hospital-level factors. These findings reinforce the importance of the implementation of effective measures to improve the participation, enrollment in, and uptake of cardiac rehabilitation

The Impact of Atmosphere on Energetics of Lead Halide Perovskites

Solar cells based on metal halide perovskites have emerged as a promising low-cost photovoltaic technology. In contrast to inert atmospheres where most of the lab-scale devices are made to date, large-area low-cost production of perovskite solar cells often involves processing of perovskites in various atmospheres including ambient air, nitrogen, and/or vacuum. Herein, the impact of atmosphere on the energy levels of methylammonium lead halide perovskite films is systematically investigated. The atmosphere is varied to simulate the typical fabrication process. Through a comprehensive analysis combining the Fermi level evolution, surface photovoltage, photoluminescence properties, photovoltaic performance, and device simulation, an overall landscape of the energy diagram of the perovskite layer is able to be determined. The findings have direct implications for real-world devices under typical atmospheres, and provide insights into the fabrication-process design and optimization. Furthermore, a universal Fermi level shift under vacuum for lead halide-based perovskites revealed in this study, urges a refreshed view on the energetics studies conducted without considering the atmospheric effect