2,877 research outputs found
A FRAMEWORK FOR BIOPROFILE ANALYSIS OVER GRID
An important trend in modern medicine is towards individualisation of healthcare to tailor
care to the needs of the individual. This makes it possible, for example, to personalise
diagnosis and treatment to improve outcome. However, the benefits of this can only be fully
realised if healthcare and ICT resources are exploited (e.g. to provide access to relevant data,
analysis algorithms, knowledge and expertise). Potentially, grid can play an important role
in this by allowing sharing of resources and expertise to improve the quality of care. The
integration of grid and the new concept of bioprofile represents a new topic in the healthgrid
for individualisation of healthcare.
A bioprofile represents a personal dynamic "fingerprint" that fuses together a person's
current and past bio-history, biopatterns and prognosis. It combines not just data, but also
analysis and predictions of future or likely susceptibility to disease, such as brain diseases
and cancer. The creation and use of bioprofile require the support of a number of healthcare
and ICT technologies and techniques, such as medical imaging and electrophysiology and
related facilities, analysis tools, data storage and computation clusters. The need to share
clinical data, storage and computation resources between different bioprofile centres creates
not only local problems, but also global problems.
Existing ICT technologies are inappropriate for bioprofiling because of the difficulties in the
use and management of heterogeneous IT resources at different bioprofile centres. Grid as an
emerging resource sharing concept fulfils the needs of bioprofile in several aspects, including
discovery, access, monitoring and allocation of distributed bioprofile databases, computation
resoiuces, bioprofile knowledge bases, etc. However, the challenge of how to integrate the
grid and bioprofile technologies together in order to offer an advanced distributed bioprofile
environment to support individualized healthcare remains.
The aim of this project is to develop a framework for one of the key meta-level bioprofile
applications: bioprofile analysis over grid to support individualised healthcare. Bioprofile
analysis is a critical part of bioprofiling (i.e. the creation, use and update of bioprofiles).
Analysis makes it possible, for example, to extract markers from data for diagnosis and to
assess individual's health status. The framework provides a basis for a "grid-based" solution
to the challenge of "distributed bioprofile analysis" in bioprofiling. The main contributions
of the thesis are fourfold:
A. An architecture for bioprofile analysis over grid. The design of a suitable aichitecture
is fundamental to the development of any ICT systems. The architecture creates a
meaiis for categorisation, determination and organisation of core grid components to
support the development and use of grid for bioprofile analysis;
B. A service model for bioprofile analysis over grid. The service model proposes a
service design principle, a service architecture for bioprofile analysis over grid, and
a distributed EEG analysis service model. The service design principle addresses
the main service design considerations behind the service model, in the aspects of
usability, flexibility, extensibility, reusability, etc. The service architecture identifies
the main categories of services and outlines an approach in organising services to
realise certain functionalities required by distributed bioprofile analysis applications.
The EEG analysis service model demonstrates the utilisation and development of
services to enable bioprofile analysis over grid;
C. Two grid test-beds and a practical implementation of EEG analysis over grid. The two
grid test-beds: the BIOPATTERN grid and PlymGRID are built based on existing
grid middleware tools. They provide essential experimental platforms for research in
bioprofiling over grid. The work here demonstrates how resources, grid middleware
and services can be utilised, organised and implemented to support distributed EEG
analysis for early detection of dementia. The distributed Electroencephalography
(EEG) analysis environment can be used to support a variety of research activities in
EEG analysis;
D. A scheme for organising multiple (heterogeneous) descriptions of individual grid
entities for knowledge representation of grid. The scheme solves the compatibility
and adaptability problems in managing heterogeneous descriptions (i.e. descriptions
using different languages and schemas/ontologies) for collaborated representation of
a grid environment in different scales. It underpins the concept of bioprofile analysis
over grid in the aspect of knowledge-based global coordination between components
of bioprofile analysis over grid
Comparing a few distributions of transverse momenta in high energy collisions
Transverse momentum spectra of particles produced in high energy collisions
are very important due to their relations to the excitation degree of
interacting system. To describe the transverse momentum spectra, one can use
more than one probability density functions of transverse momenta, which are
simply called the functions or distributions of transverse momenta in some
cases. In this paper, a few distributions of transverse momenta in high energy
collisions are compared with each other in terms of plots to show some
quantitative differences. Meanwhile, in the framework of Tsallis statistics,
the distributions of momentum components, transverse momenta, rapidities, and
pasudorapidities are obtained according to the analytical and Monte Carlo
methods. These analyses are useful to understand carefully different
distributions in high energy collisions.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. Results in Physics, Accepte
A new description of transverse momentum spectra of identified particles produced in proton-proton collisions at high energies
The transverse momentum spectra of identified particles produced in high
energy proton-proton () collisions are empirically described by a new
method with the framework of participant quark model or the multisource model
at the quark level, in which the source itself is exactly the participant
quark. Each participant (constituent) quark contributes to the transverse
momentum spectrum, which is described by the TP-like function, a revised
Tsallis--Pareto-type function. The transverse momentum spectrum of the hadron
is the convolution of two or more TP-like functions. For a lepton, the
transverse momentum spectrum is the convolution of two TP-like functions due to
two participant quarks, e.g. projectile and target quarks, taking part in the
collisions. A discussed theoretical approach seems to describe the
collisions data at center-of-mass energy GeV, 2.76 TeV, and 13
TeV very well.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures. Advances in High Energy Physics, accepte
HIV-1 Gag-specific immunity induced by a lentivector-based vaccine directed to dendritic cells
Lentivectors (LVs) have attracted considerable interest for their potential as a vaccine delivery vehicle. In this study, we evaluate in mice a dendritic cell (DC)-directed LV system encoding the Gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (LV-Gag) as a potential vaccine for inducing an anti-HIV immune response. The DC-directed specificity is achieved through pseudotyping the vector with an engineered Sindbis virus glycoprotein capable of selectively binding to the DC-SIGN protein. A single immunization by this vector induces a durable HIV Gag-specific immune response. We investigated the antigen-specific immunity and T-cell memory generated by a prime/boost vaccine regimen delivered by either successive LV-Gag injections or a DNA prime/LV-Gag boost protocol. We found that both prime/boost regimens significantly enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. Importantly, a heterologous DNA prime/LV-Gag boost regimen results in superior Gag-specific T-cell responses as compared with a DNA prime/adenovector boost immunization. It induces not only a higher magnitude response, as measured by Gag-specific tetramer analysis and intracellular IFN-γ staining, but also a better quality of response evidenced by a wider mix of cytokines produced by the Gag-specific CD8^+ and CD4^+ T cells. A boosting immunization with LV-Gag also generates T cells reactive to a broader range of Gag-derived epitopes. These results demonstrate that this DC-directed LV immunization is a potent modality for eliciting anti-HIV immune responses
A Study of Low-Resource Speech Commands Recognition based on Adversarial Reprogramming
In this study, we propose a novel adversarial reprogramming (AR) approach for
low-resource spoken command recognition (SCR), and build an AR-SCR system. The
AR procedure aims to modify the acoustic signals (from the target domain) to
repurpose a pretrained SCR model (from the source domain). To solve the label
mismatches between source and target domains, and further improve the stability
of AR, we propose a novel similarity-based label mapping technique to align
classes. In addition, the transfer learning (TL) technique is combined with the
original AR process to improve the model adaptation capability. We evaluate the
proposed AR-SCR system on three low-resource SCR datasets, including Arabic,
Lithuanian, and dysarthric Mandarin speech. Experimental results show that with
a pretrained AM trained on a large-scale English dataset, the proposed AR-SCR
system outperforms the current state-of-the-art results on Arabic and
Lithuanian speech commands datasets, with only a limited amount of training
data.Comment: Submitted to ICASSP 202
RADAR: Robust AI-Text Detection via Adversarial Learning
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and the intensifying
popularity of ChatGPT-like applications have blurred the boundary of
high-quality text generation between humans and machines. However, in addition
to the anticipated revolutionary changes to our technology and society, the
difficulty of distinguishing LLM-generated texts (AI-text) from human-generated
texts poses new challenges of misuse and fairness, such as fake content
generation, plagiarism, and false accusation of innocent writers. While
existing works show that current AI-text detectors are not robust to LLM-based
paraphrasing, this paper aims to bridge this gap by proposing a new framework
called RADAR, which jointly trains a Robust AI-text Detector via Adversarial
leaRning. RADAR is based on adversarial training of a paraphraser and a
detector. The paraphraser's goal is to generate realistic contents to evade
AI-text detection. RADAR uses the feedback from the detector to update the
paraphraser, and vice versa. Evaluated with 8 different LLMs (Pythia, Dolly
2.0, Palmyra, Camel, GPT-J, Dolly 1.0, LLaMA, and Vicuna) across 4 datasets,
experimental results show that RADAR significantly outperforms existing AI-text
detection methods, especially when paraphrasing is in place. We also identify
the strong transferability of RADAR from instruction-tuned LLMs to other LLMs,
and evaluate the improved capability of RADAR via GPT-3.5.Comment: Preprint. Project page and demos: https://radar.vizhub.a
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