Defense Expenditure and Economic Growth under External Predation

This paper develops a growth model of a country under a Hobbesian environment with international conflicts where national defense is the only way to prevent external predation. The long run growth path is determined by the equilibrium of a dynamic game with three players, the external predator, the government and the family. The equilibrium growth path has three phases, submissive equilibrium, tolerant equilibrium and full-protected equilibrium. Different defense strategies result in different growth prospects and sustainable growth will endogenously induce adjustment of defense strategies.economic growth; predate; defense expenditure

Effects of Geometrical Symmetry on the Vortex Nucleation and Penetration in Mesoscopic Superconductors

We investigate how the geometrical symmetry affects the penetration and arrangement of vortices in mesoscopic superconductors using self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. We find that the entrance of the vortex happens when the current density at the hot spots reaches the depairing current density. Through determining the spatial distribution of hot spots, the geometrical symmetry of the superconducting sample influences the nucleation and entrance of vortices. Our results propose one possible experimental approach to control and manipulate the quantum states of mesoscopic superconductors with their topological geometries, and they can be easily generalized to the confined superfluids and Bose-Einstein condensates

Defense Expenditure and Economic Growth under External Predation

This paper develops a growth model of a country under a Hobbesian environment with international conflicts where national defense is the only way to prevent external predation. The long run growth path is determined by the equilibrium of a dynamic game with three players, the external predator, the government and the family. The equilibrium growth path has three phases, submissive equilibrium, tolerant equilibrium and full-protected equilibrium. Different defense strategies result in different growth prospects and sustainable growth will endogenously induce adjustment of defense strategies

Defense Expenditure and Economic Growth under External Predation

This paper develops a growth model of a country under a Hobbesian environment with international conflicts where national defense is the only way to prevent external predation. The long run growth path is determined by the equilibrium of a dynamic game with three players, the external predator, the government and the family. The equilibrium growth path has three phases, submissive equilibrium, tolerant equilibrium and full-protected equilibrium. Different defense strategies result in different growth prospects and sustainable growth will endogenously induce adjustment of defense strategies

Developments of a 2D Position Sensitive Neutron Detector

Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), one project of the 12th five-year-plan scheme of China, is under construction in Guangdong province. Three neutron spectrometers will be installed at the first phase of the project, where two-dimensional position sensitive thermal neutron detectors are required. Before the construction of the neutron detector, a prototype of two-dimensional 200 mmx200 mm Multi-wire Proportional Chamber (MWPC) with the flowing gas of Ar/CO2 (90/10) has been constructed and tested with the 55Fe X-Ray using part of the electronics in 2009, which showed a good performance. Following the test in 2009, the neutron detector has been constructed with the complete electronics and filled with the 6atm.3He + 2.5atm.C3H8 gas mixture in 2010. The neutron detector has been primarily tested with an Am/Be source. In this paper, some new developments of the neutron detector including the design of the high pressure chamber, the optimization of the gas purifying system and the gas filling process will be reported. The results and discussion are also presented in this paper.Comment: 5 page

Metabolic Profiling Analysis of the Alleviation Effect of Treatment with Baicalin on Cinnabar Induced Toxicity in Rats Urine and Serum

Objectives: Baicalin is the main bioactive flavonoid constituent isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The mechanisms of protection of liver remain unclear. In this study, 1H NMR-based metabonomics approach has been used to investigate the alleviation effect of Baicalin.Method:1H NMR metabolomics analyses of urine and serum from rats, was performed to illuminate the alleviation effect of Baicalin on mineral medicine (cinnabar)-induced liver and kidney toxicity.Results: The metabolic profiles of groups receiving Baicalin at a dose of 80 mg/kg were remarkably different from cinnabar, and meanwhile, the level of endogenous metabolites returned to normal compared to group cinnabar. PLS-DA scores plots demonstrated that the variation tendency of control and Baicalein are apart from Cinnabar. The metabolic profiles of group Baicalein were similar to those of group control. Statistics results were confirmed by the histopathological examination and biochemical assay.Conclusion: Baicalin have the alleviation effect to the liver and kidney damage induced by cinnabar. The Baicalin could regulate endogenous metabolites associated with the energy metabolism, choline metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut flora

Hsa_circ_0006571 promotes spinal metastasis through sponging microRNA-138 to regulate sirtuin 1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma

Copyright © 2009 - 2021 AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Open Access Statement:This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are known to participate in lung cancer. However, their role in spinal metastasis (SM) of lung adenocarcinoma remains elusive. In this study, we determined that hsa_circ_0006571 serves as a sponge for miR-138, which targets sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in the development of SM. Methods: A human circRNA microarray was performed to compare SM and lung adenocarcinoma samples. The expression of hsa_circ_0006571 and miR-138 was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation was performed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/PI staining. RNA-pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were used to analyze the interaction between hsa_circ_0006571. Tumor metastasis was determined through a xenograft experiment in vivo. Results: Hsa_circ_0006571 was observed to be significantly upregulated in SM tissues through circRNA microarray and qPCR. We detected a lower expression of miR-138 in SM tissues compared with lung adenocarcinoma. Hsa_circ_0006571 silencing suppressed lung cancer cell proliferation and migration while promoting apoptosis. Hsa_circ_0006571 interacted with miR-138 to promote expression of Sirt1, leading to activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Xenograft experiments showed that downregulation of hsa_circ_0006571 delayed the SM of lung adenocarcinoma cells via the miR-138-Sirt1 axis. Conclusions: Hsa_circ_0006571 promoted tumor cell migration and invasion via the miR-138/Sirt1 pathway. Our observations indicate that circRNAs are possible novel therapeutic targets for SM of lung adenocarcinoma.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81572629, 81772855 and 81701370).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio