Characteristics of US children and their parents.

1<p>Statistics are reported either as means with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for continuous variables or percentages with their 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for categorical variables.</p>2<p>Chi-square tests were used to test for between-group differences for categorical variables; t-tests were used for continuous variables.</p><p>Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2006–2007.</p

Percent agreement (%) and weighted kappa coefficients between parent and children BMI quintiles by dyad type and characteristics¹.

1<p>For children, age- and sex-specific quintiles of BMI were used. For parents, sex-specific BMI quintiles were used. Weighted kappa values can be interpreted as follows: κ<0.20 =  poor agreement, κ between 0.20–0.40 =  fair agreement, κ between 0.40–0.60 =  moderate agreement, κ between 0.60–0.80 =  good agreement, and κ≥0.80 =  very good agreement.</p>2<p>The expected percent of agreement is 20%.</p>3<p>SEM are reported in parentheses and were obtained through Fay's balanced repeated replication (BRR) method of estimation.</p>4<p>Weighted kappa coefficients were calculated using the Cicchetti-Allison weight matrix (see text). All point estimates have taken MEPS’ sampling design into account. ⁵ NH, non-Hispanic;</p>5<p>MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.</p><p>Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2006–2007.</p

Association between child’s obesity and parents’ obesity status, stratified by child and parental characteristics as indicated¹.

1<p>Results are reported based on logistic regression models adjusted for child sex and age, household income, and parental age, education, race/ethnicity, and physical activity. The reference group was children whose parents were neither obese.</p>2<p>Obese was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m².</p>3<p>The odds ratio (OR)for child obesity was 2.1, comparing children for whom only their father was obese to those whose father and mother were both not obese.</p>4<p>NH, non-Hispanic; ⁵ MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.</p><p>Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2006–2007.</p

Pearson partial correlation coefficients (r)¹ between parent and child BMI measures by dyad type and various socio-demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

1<p>The r was adjusted for child's age and parent's age, ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, and physical activity. In the stratified analysis, partial correlation coefficients were calculated adjusting for the same variables except the stratification variable. For example, for the father-son correlation, we controlled for child age and father's characteristics as described above. For the father-son correlation stratified by household income, we controlled child age and father's characteristics with exception of household income.</p>2<p>SEM: standard error of measurement.</p>3–7<p>Significantly different from the reference group (p<0.05), based on the interaction terms of parent BMI standard score and the strata of interest.</p><p>NH: non-Hispanic; ref: reference group.</p><p>Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2006–2007.</p