2,972 research outputs found
Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided vs direct approach corticosteroid injections for carpal tunnel syndrome: A double-blind randomized controlled trial
Ab initio theory and modeling of water
Water is of the utmost importance for life and technology. However, a
genuinely predictive ab initio model of water has eluded scientists. We
demonstrate that a fully ab initio approach, relying on the strongly
constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) density functional, provides such a
description of water. SCAN accurately describes the balance among covalent
bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions that dictates the
structure and dynamics of liquid water. Notably, SCAN captures the density
difference between water and ice I{\it h} at ambient conditions, as well as
many important structural, electronic, and dynamic properties of liquid water.
These successful predictions of the versatile SCAN functional open the gates to
study complex processes in aqueous phase chemistry and the interactions of
water with other materials in an efficient, accurate, and predictive, ab initio
manner
Continuum Superpartners
In an exact conformal theory there is no particle. The excitations have
continuum spectra and are called "unparticles" by Georgi. We consider
supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model with approximate conformal
sectors. The conformal symmetry is softly broken in the infrared which
generates a gap. However, the spectrum can still have a continuum above the gap
if there is no confinement. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence this can be
achieved with a soft wall in the warped extra dimension. When supersymmetry is
broken the superpartners of the Standard Model particles may simply be a
continuum above gap. The collider signals can be quite different from the
standard supersymmetric scenarios and the experimental searches for the
continuum superpartners can be very challenging.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, talk at SCGT09 Workshop, Nagoya, Japan, 8-11
Dec, 200
Diabetes and Prediabetes and Risk of Hospitalization: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
To examine the magnitude and types of hospitalizations among persons with prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes
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GPER-induced signaling is essential for the survival of breast cancer stem cells.
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, mediates estrogen-induced proliferation of normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. However, its role in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remains unclear. Here we showed greater expression of GPER in BCSCs than non-BCSCs of three patient-derived xenografts of ER- /PR+ breast cancers. GPER silencing reduced stemness features of BCSCs as reflected by reduced mammosphere forming capacity in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo with decreased BCSC populations. Comparative phosphoproteomics revealed greater GPER-mediated PKA/BAD signaling in BCSCs. Activation of GPER by its ligands, including tamoxifen (TMX), induced phosphorylation of PKA and BAD-Ser118 to sustain BCSC characteristics. Transfection with a dominant-negative mutant BAD (Ser118Ala) led to reduced cell survival. Taken together, GPER and its downstream signaling play a key role in maintaining the stemness of BCSCs, suggesting that GPER is a potential therapeutic target for eradicating BCSCs
High resolution Compton scattering as a Probe of the Fermi surface in the Iron-based superconductor
We have carried out first principles all-electron calculations of the
(001)-projected 2D electron momentum density and the directional Compton
profiles along the [100], [001] and [110] directions in the Fe-based
superconductor LaOFeAs within the framework of the local density approximation.
We identify Fermi surface features in the 2D electron momentum density and the
directional Compton profiles, and discuss issues related to the observation of
these features via Compton scattering experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Missing Momentum Reconstruction and Spin Measurements at Hadron Colliders
We study methods for reconstructing the momenta of invisible particles in
cascade decay chains at hadron colliders. We focus on scenarios, such as SUSY
and UED, in which new physics particles are pair produced. Their subsequent
decays lead to two decay chains ending with neutral stable particles escaping
detection. Assuming that the masses of the decaying particles are already
measured, we obtain the momenta by imposing the mass-shell constraints. Using
this information, we develop techniques of determining spins of particles in
theories beyond the standard model. Unlike the methods relying on Lorentz
invariant variables, this method can be used to determine the spin of the
particle which initiates the decay chain. We present two complementary ways of
applying our method by using more inclusive variables relying on kinematic
information from one decay chain, as well as constructing correlation variables
based on the kinematics of both decay chains in the same event.Comment: Version to appear in JHE
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