Hamiltonian and measuring time for analog quantum search

We derive in this study a Hamiltonian to solve with certainty the analog quantum search problem analogue to the Grover algorithm. The general form of the initial state is considered. Since the evaluation of the measuring time for finding the marked state by probability of unity is crucially important in the problem, especially when the Bohr frequency is high, we then give the exact formula as a function of all given parameters for the measuring time.Comment: 5 page

DIFFERENCES IN SEGMENTAL MOMENTUM TRANSFERS BETWEEN TWO STROKE POSTURES FOR TENNIS TWO-HANDED BACKHAND STROKE

Tennis stroke force depends on momentum transfer from racket to ball during ball-racket impact. Previous researchers study backhand stroke mechanics, focusing on comparison of one-handed and two-handed backhand stroke biomechanics (Reid & Elliott, 2002). This study investigated linear (LM) and angular momentum (AM) transfer from the trunk and upper extremities to the racket in open (OS) and square stances (SS) for different skill levels of players in the two-handed backhand stroke

ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN ABDOMINAL MUSLCES DURING CURL-UP EXERCISES

Trunk muscle strength is necessary to maintain the core stability. Several abdominal machine exercises have been investigated through electromyographic (EMG) analysis. Escamilla, et al. (2008) studied numerous abdominal exercises and found that Ab Slide and Torso Track were the most effective exercises in activating abdominal muscles with the relative high EMG activities during abdominal exercise. High internal oblique activities and low rectus abdominis activities in bridging stabilization exercise were also found in EMG analysis (Stevens et al., 2006). One of the most common and convenient ways to strengthen abdominal muscle is the sit-up or curl exercise, which could even be performed at home in healthy populations. However, little research has been conducted to study the curl-up exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relative EMG activation levels in rectus abdominis and external oblique during the curl-up exercise. The abdominal strengthening technique with higher EMG activities would be revealed in this study

The Ultraluminous X-ray Sources near the Center of M82

We report the identification of a recurrent ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX), a highly absorbed X-ray source (possibly a background AGN), and a young supernova remnant near the center of the starburst galaxy M82. From a series of Chandra observations taken from 1999 to 2005, we found that the transient ULX first appeared in 1999 October. The source turned off in 2000 January, but later reappeared and has been active since then. The X-ray luminosity of this source varies from below the detection level (~2.5e38 erg/s) to its active state in between ~7e39 erg/s and 1.3e40 erg/s (in the 0.5-10 keV energy band) and shows unusual spectral changes. The X-ray spectra of some Chandra observations are best fitted with an absorbed power-law model with photon index ranging from 1.3 to 1.7. These spectra are similar to those of Galactic black hole binary candidates seen in the low/hard state except that a very hard spectrum was seen in one of the observations. By comparing with near infrared images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope, the ULX is found to be located within a young star cluster. Radio imaging indicates that it is associated with a H II region. We suggest that the ULX is likely to be a > 100 solar mass intermediate-mass black hole in the low/hard state. In addition to the transient ULX, we also found a highly absorbed hard X-ray source which is likely to be an AGN and an ultraluminous X-ray emitting young supernova remnant which may be related to a 100-year old gamma-ray burst event, within 2 arcsec of the transient ULX.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

The activation energy for GaAs/AlGaAs interdiffusion

Copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. This article appeared in Journal of Applied Physics 82, 4842 (1997) and may be found at

Design and Fabrication of the Suspended High-Q Spiral Inductors with X-Beams

In this paper, deep sub-micron CMOS process compatible high Q on chip spiral inductors with air gap structure were designed and fabricated. In the design the electromagnetic were used for electrical-characteristics and maximum mechanical strength, respectively. The copper wires were capped with electroless Ni plating to prevent the copper from oxidizing. A Si3N4/ SiO2 X-beam was designed to increase the mechanical strength of the inductor in air gap. The enhancement of maximum mechanical strength of a spiral inductor with X-beams is more than 4500 times. Among these structures, the measured maximum quality factor (Q) of the suspending inductor and frequency at maximum Q are improved from 5.2 and 1.6GHz of conventional spiral inductor to 7.3 and 2.1 GHz, respectively.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing

Bulkier glass formability enhanced by minor alloying additions

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MicroRNA-383 located in frequently deleted chromosomal locus 8p22 regulates CD44 in prostate cancer.

A major genomic alteration in prostate cancer (PCa) is frequent loss of chromosome (chr) 8p with a common region of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chr8p22 locus. Genomic studies implicate this locus in the initiation of clinically significant PCa and with progression to metastatic disease. However, the genes within this region have not been fully characterized to date. Here we demonstrate for the first time that a microRNA component of this region-miR-383-is frequently downregulated in prostate cancer, has a critical role in determining tumor-initiating potential and is involved in prostate cancer metastasis via direct regulation of CD44, a ubiquitous marker of PCa tumor-initiating cells (TICs)/stem cells. Expression analyses of miR-383 in PCa clinical tissues established that low miR-383 expression is associated with poor prognosis. Functional data suggest that miR-383 regulates PCa tumor-initiating/stem-like cells via CD44 regulation. Ectopic expression of miR-383 inhibited tumor-initiating capacity of CD44+ PCa cells. Also, 'anti-metastatic' effects of ectopic miR-383 expression were observed in a PCa experimental metastasis model. In view of our results, we propose that frequent loss of miR-383 at chr8p22 region leads to tumor initiation and prostate cancer metastasis. Thus, we have identified a novel finding that associates a long observed genomic alteration to PCa stemness and metastasis. Our data suggest that restoration of miR-383 expression may be an effective therapeutic modality against PCa. Importantly, we identified miR-383 as a novel PCa tissue diagnostic biomarker with a potential that outperforms that of serum PSA

Laboratory studies on the irradiation of solid ethane analog ices and implications to Titan's chemistry

Pure ethane ices (C2H6) were irradiated at 10, 30, and 50 K under contamination-free, ultrahigh vacuum conditions with energetic electrons generated in the track of galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) particles to simulate the interaction of GCRs with ethane ices in the outer solar system. The chemical processing of the samples was monitored by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a quadrupole mass spectrometer during the irradiation phase and subsequent warm-up phases on line and in situ in order to extract qualitative (products) and quantitative (rate constants and yields) information on the newly synthesized molecules. Six hydrocarbons, methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), ethylene (C2H4), and the ethyl radical (C2H5), together with n-butane (C4H10) and butene (C4H8), were found to form at the radiation dose reaching 1.4 eV per molecule. The column densities of these species were quantified in the irradiated ices at each temperature, permitting us to elucidate the temperature and phase-dependent production rates of individual molecules. A kinetic reaction scheme was developed to fit column densities of those species produced during irradiation of amorphous/crystalline ethane held at 10, 30, or 50 K. In general, the yield of the newly formed molecules dropped consistently for all species as the temperature was raised from 10 K to 50 K. Second, the yield in the amorphous samples was found to be systematically higher than in the crystalline samples at constant temperature. A closer look at the branching ratios indicates that ethane decomposes predominantly to ethylene and molecular hydrogen, which may compete with the formation of n-butane inside the ethane matrix. Among the higher molecular products, n-butane dominates. Of particular relevance to the atmosphere of Saturn’s moon Titan is the radiation-induced methane production from ethane—an alternative source of replenishing methane into the atmosphere. Finally, we discuss to what extent the n-butane could be the source of “higher organics” on Titan’s surface thus resembling a crucial sink of condensed ethane molecules