DFA scaling exponent <i>α</i> estimates derived from the RR time series.

<p>DFA scaling exponent <i>α</i> estimates derived from the RR time series.</p

FPM tracings.

<p>FPM tracings.</p

Statistical analysis results of the modeling parameter estimation derived from the linear regression model in (5).

<p>Statistical analysis results of the modeling parameter estimation derived from the linear regression model in (5).</p

Mean HR values evaluated over all the subjects at the four stages of the cycling movement.

<p>Mean HR values evaluated over all the subjects at the four stages of the cycling movement.</p

Schematic block diagram of overall system configuration.

<p>Schematic block diagram of overall system configuration.</p

Mean FPM values of VL evaluated over all the subjects at the four stages of the cycling movement.

<p>Mean FPM values of VL evaluated over all the subjects at the four stages of the cycling movement.</p

An RR data segment.

<p>An RR data segment.</p

The schematic diagram of the ergometer used in our cycling-based real-time fatigue and cardiac stress monitoring and analysis system.

<p>It mainly consists of a stationary bicycle equipped with a resistor, crank angle detector and the wireless EMG and ECG sensors with sensor interface devices.</p

Statistical analysis results of the modeling parameter estimation derived from the linear regression model in (4).

<p>Statistical analysis results of the modeling parameter estimation derived from the linear regression model in (4).</p

A preprocessed ECG segment measured during a cycling test.

<p>A preprocessed ECG segment measured during a cycling test.</p