Percentage changes (95% confidence interval)^a in heart rate variability for interquartile increase in indoor pollutants at 4-hr time-weighted moving averages among participants with or without coffee consumption during the study.

a<p>Coefficients are expressed as % changes for interquartile changes in indoor air pollutants exposures in models adjusting for sex, age, BMI, order of the visit, hour of day, temperature, relative humidity and noise.</p>*<p>p<0.01.</p

Percentage changes (95% confidence interval)^a in heart rate variability for interquartile increase in indoor pollutants exposures estimated by mixed effects models.

a<p>Coefficients are expressed as % changes for interquartile changes in indoor air pollutants exposures in models adjusting for sex, age, BMI, order of the visit, hour of day, temperature, relative humidity and noise. * p<0.01.</p

The effect modification (95% confidence interval)^a of association of indoor air pollutants at 4-hr time-weighted moving averages with heart rate variability by coffee consumption and working time.

a<p>Coefficients are expressed as % changes for interquartile changes in indoor air pollutants exposures in models adjusting for sex, age, BMI, order of the visit, hour of day, temperature, relative humidity and noise.</p>*<p>p<0.01.</p

Basic characteristics of 60 study participants (mean ± standard deviation).

a<p>Difference between daytime and nighttime participants was tested by t-test.</p

Datasheet1_Extreme temperatures increase the risk of pediatric pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

IntroductionThe impact of climate change on ambient temperatures threatens to worsen pediatric pneumonia-related outcomes considerably. This study examined the associations of temperature variation and extreme temperature with pediatric pneumonia-related events using a meta-analysis.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant literature, and the quality of evidence was assessed. Fixed and random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) of the associations with pneumonia-related events.ResultsWe observed that a 1°C temperature variation increased the RR of pneumonia events by 1.06-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.10). A 1°C temperature variation increased the RR by 1.10-fold of the pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions (95% CI: 1.00–1.21) and 1.06-fold of the pediatric pneumonia emergency department visits (95% CI: 1.01-1.10). Extreme cold increased the RR by 1.25-fold of the pediatric pneumonia events (95% CI: 1.07–1.45). A 1°C temperature variation increased the RR of pneumonia events in children by 1.19-fold (95% CI: 1.08–1.32), girls by 1.03-fold (95% CI: 1.02–1.05), and in temperate climate zones by 1.07-fold (95% CI: 1.03–1.11). Moreover, an increase in extreme cold increased the RR of pneumonia events in children by 2.43-fold (95% CI: 1.72–3.43), girls by 1.96-fold (95% CI: 1.29–2.98) and in temperate climate zones by 2.76-fold (95% CI: 1.71–4.47).ConclusionOur study demonstrated that pediatric pneumonia events are more prevalent among children, particularly girls, and individuals residing in temperate climate zones. Climate change represents an emergent public health threat, affecting pediatric pneumonia treatment and prevention..Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42022378610).</p

Effect modification^a of the association of HRV indices with interquartile range increases in 4-h mean household PM_2.5 by household activities.

a<p>Coefficients are expressed as % changes for interquartile range changes in household PM_2.5 exposure in models adjusting for age, BMI, hour of day, temperature, relative humidity, noise and interaction terms.</p>b<p>P-value is for effect modification.</p

Percentage changes (95% CI)^a in HRV indices for interquartile range changes in household PM_2.5.

a<p>Coefficients are expressed as % changes for interquartile range changes in household PM_2.5 exposure in models adjusting for age, BMI, hour of day, temperature, relative humidity, noise and household activity periods including indoor tobacco smoke exposure, indoor chemical dispersion, burning incense, stir-frying and cleaning with detergent.</p

Higher Particulate Matter Deposition in Alveolar Region Could Accelerate Body Fat Accumulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate associations of particulate matter (PM) of less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and PM deposition with nocturnal changes in body composition in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. A bioelectric impedance analysis was used to measure the pre- and postsleep body composition of 185 OSA patients. Annual exposure to PM2.5 was estimated by the hybrid kriging/land-use regression model. A multiple-path particle dosimetry model was employed to estimate PM deposition in lung regions. We observed that an increase in the interquartile range (IQR) (1 μg/m3) of PM2.5 was associated with a 20.1% increase in right arm fat percentage and a 0.012 kg increase in right arm fat mass in OSA (p < 0.05). We observed that a 1 μg/m3 increase in PM deposition in lung regions (i.e., total lung region, head and nasal region, tracheobronchial region, and alveolar region) was associated with increases in changes of fat percentage and fat mass of the right arm (β coefficient) (p < 0.05). The β coefficients decreased as follows: alveolar region > head and nasal region > tracheobronchial region > total lung region (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrated that an increase in PM deposition in lung regions, especially in the alveolar region, could be associated with nocturnal changes in the fat percentage and fat mass of the right arm. PM deposition in the alveolar region could accelerate the body fat accumulation in OSA

Data_Sheet_1_Associations of the distance-saturation product and low-attenuation area percentage in pulmonary computed tomography with acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.docx

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has high global health concerns, and previous research proposed various indicators to predict mortality, such as the distance-saturation product (DSP), derived from the 6-min walk test (6MWT), and the low-attenuation area percentage (LAA%) in pulmonary computed tomographic images. However, the feasibility of using these indicators to evaluate the stability of COPD still remains to be investigated. Associations of the DSP and LAA% with other COPD-related clinical parameters are also unknown. This study, thus, aimed to explore these associations.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 111 patients with COPD from northern Taiwan. Individuals’ data we collected included results of a pulmonary function test (PFT), 6MWT, life quality survey [i.e., the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale and COPD assessment test (CAT)], history of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), and LAA%. Next, the DSP was derived by the distance walked and the lowest oxygen saturation recorded during the 6MWT. In addition, the DSP and clinical phenotype grouping based on clinically significant outcomes by previous study approaches were employed for further investigation (i.e., DSP of 290 m%, LAA% of 20%, and AECOPD frequency of ≥1). Mean comparisons and linear and logistic regression models were utilized to explore associations among the assessed variables.ResultsThe low-DSP group (ConclusionA lower value of the DSP was related to a greater worsening of symptoms, more-frequent exacerbations, poorer pulmonary function, and more-severe emphysema (higher LAA%). These readily determined parameters, including the DSP and LAA%, can serve as indicators for assessing the COPD clinical course and may can serve as a guide to corresponding treatments.</p