Modern system of education in Nigeria (by literature review)

In the article had been shown different systems of education in Nigeria. The education system in divided into primary, secondary and tertiary education. The country has a total number of 129 universities, among which federal and state government own 40 and 39 respectively while 50 universities are privately owned. The knowledge about systems of education in Nigeria should be useful in Ukraine, taking into account the reformation of education system in all branches – from the comprehensive school to professional orientation, which covered technical or medical college and universities. From hygienic point of view, the primary and secondary education in Nigeria is correctly organized, because it is based on the different periods of physiological growth of the children organism. Children spend six years in a primary school; the next six years schoolchildren spend in the secondary school. State-owned secondary schools are funded by each state government and are not comparable to the Federal government colleges. Students should be preparing for examination in all stages of education in Nigeria. Primary, schoolchildren should receive Senior Secondary Certificate Examination. The General Certificate of Education Examination (GCE) was replaced by the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE). Generally, in Nigeria officially provided 6-3-3-4 system of education, when children would spend six years in primary school, three years in junior secondary school, three years in senior secondary school, and four years in tertiary institution

Peasants’ Health Subjective Assessment in the Rural Settlements of Dnipropetrovsk Region

Purpose of research. Peasants’ questionnaires were collected in the rural settlements of Dnipropetrovsk region in order to estimate health status interviewing by their subjective vision. Materials and methods. The fi eld study has been conducted among 75 peasants located in rural settlements of Dnipropetrovsk region (experimental group), and data of sociological survey among 75 town-dwellers living in Dnipropetrovsk city (control group). Questionnaire included 24 standard questions focused on the point of view respondents as well as their attitude toward different types of additional potable water treatment. Test –questionnaire subjective estimation of the peasants health contained 29 questions, whose answered “yes”, or “no”. General estimation have shown each respondent answers calculated as follows: “excellent” health – 0 – 2 points; “good” – 3 – 5 points; “satisfactory” – 6 – 9 points; “poor” – up to 10 points. Thus, negative were answers “yes” to 1 – 25 questions, “no” – to questions 27–29, “poor” to question 26. Criterion of estimation in the baseline study carried out age for adult population (both men and women) – from 35 to 55 years, average impact of potable water varied – 5 – 10 years and over 10 years, dwelling in this region: 5 – 10 years and over 10 years

Potable water quality in the Karachunyvskyi reservoir

Practical experience of research, carried out in the SE ‘Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine’ covered results of ecological methods usage in the branch of preventive medicine. On the basis of Kryvyi Rig powerful iron mining enterprises (Ukraine) complex experimental research covered long-term foundation secondary landscapes on the dumps surface after mining exploitation process carried out. The poorer quality soils are dangerous for environment, surface- and groundwater and human health. Under the influence of dumps quality of water taken from Karachunyvskyi reservoir dropped wildly. Well water in the settlements, which are situated near the dumps, is forbidden for drinking purposes. Our data characterise priority in the sphere of potable water supply and main problem of water supply and potable water quality, actual for many regions of Ukraine, including Kryvorozskyi district — major rural part of Dnipropetrovskyi region, which population received potable water with deviations on some indicators from hygienic standards

САМОСТІЙНА РОБОТА В СИСТЕМІ ПІДГОТОВКИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОГО СПЕЦІАЛІСТА

This article is devoted to the problem of organization of students’ independent work. The independent work is considered as the way of teachers training

Medical and Social Analysis of Children’ Morbidity in the Separate Rural Districts on the Territory of Dnepropetrovsk Region, by Average Annual Indicators

We carried out medical and social analysis of children’ morbidity at 14 y.o. age, by average annual indicators, in the separate rural districts on the territory of Dnepropetrovsk region during 2007 – 2012 years. Level of children’ morbidity was analyzed in accordance with ICD - X classes by the following indicators: average annual, intensive, extensive; growth rates of the disease. Проведён медико-социальный анализ показателей заболеваемости среди детского населения в возрасте до 14 лет, по уровням среднемноголетних показателей в отдельных таксонах Днепропетровской области в течение 2007 – 2012 гг. Анализировали уровень заболеваемости по классам МКБ – X среди детей по показателям: среднемноголетним, интенсивным, экстенсивным; рассчитывали темпы прироста заболеваний

Nitrification Activity of Water Sources in Dnipropetrovsk Region (Ukraine)

In the decentralized water supply sources all tacsons, except 6 tacson, had an unfavorable self-purification processes and incompleteness of nitrification activity. Therefore the average annual indicators in the water samples, carried out in 1 – 5 tacsons, increased in dynamics by the nitrogen ammonia: from (0.24±0.05) to (0.43±0.20) mg/dm3, i.e. in 2.0 times, in comparison with content of nitrates: (5.95±0.06) to (14.72±5.57) mg/dm3, which increased in 2.5 times (p < 0.001). It was proved that water from decentralized sources in the 1 – 5 tacsons of Dnipropetrovsk region did not correspond to the GOST 7525:2014 caursed by the high concentration of nitrites and nitrates between 2008 and 2014 year. Thus, according to the average annual indicators was identified high level of nitrites (42.5 MAC), nitrates (1.2 MAC) in the 1 tacson; (1.4 MAC) of nitrites and (2.0 MAC) of nitrates in the 4 tacson. Unfavorable nitrification activity in the decentralized drinking water sources in all tacsons of Dnipropetrovsk region, except 6 tacson, in 2008 – 2014 years was shown incompleteness of the self-purification water in the rural settlements, causing primary morbidity among peasants as well as the blood and blood – forming organs, methemoglobinemia among infants due to a consumption of water from wells. In the centralized water supply sources of all tacsons was identified poor self-purification, as well as nitrogen ammonia decreased in dynamics for 2008 – 2014 years, while nitrites and nitrates contents increased. Only in the 2 tacson was significant decreased in dynamics of ammonia nitrogen (1.2 MAC) against rising of the nitrates levels (2.3 MAC) (p < 0.001). However, overnormal oxidation (1.09 MAC) in 2014, with increasing in dynamics for 2008 to 2014 year described organic nature of pollution in the given tacson. All tacsons of Dnipropetrovsk region, except 2 tacson, did not correspond to some indicators: 1 tacson – nitrites (30.9 MAC) in 2012; 3 tacson – nitrogen ammonia (1.06 – 1.52) MAC in 2009, 2011, (1.42 MAC) in 2012, 2013, (1.36 MAC) in 2014; 4 tacson – oxidation (1.33 – 1.15) MAC in 2008, 2014; 5 tacson – nitrogen ammonia (1.02 MAC) in 2011, nitrites (1.6 MAC) in 2014, oxidation (1.21 MAC) in 2010. Recommended collective installations of drinking water purifiers, primarily in the medical – preventive and children's educational institutions in all rural tacsons of Dnipropetrovsk region

АДАПТАЦІЯ СТУДЕНТІВ-ПЕРШОКУРСНИКІВ ДО САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ У ВИЩІЙ ШКОЛІ

This article reveals the causes of difficulties in adaptation of first-year students to the training process in higher school and ways of their elimination. It concretizes the possibilities of independent work

Drinking Water Quality Influence to the Peasants’ Morbidity in the Ukrainian Settlements (by the Results of Sociological Survey and Correlation Analyses)

During 2012 – 2014 years our study showed significant trend towards growth useage of drinking water purifiers, mostly, for drinking purposes, among peasants and city-dwellers. Peasants – residents of Dnepropetrovsk region (Ukraine) have been performed deterioration quality of piped drinking water as well as smell – 22.6%, color – 14.6%, rust – 13.3%, precipitate – 8.0%, turbidity and suspended solids – 10.6%, taste and aftertaste – 13.3%, foam and impurities – 10.6% (p < 0.05). Minority of peasants – 6.66% consider "problem with drinking water quality does not exist". Our study indicates growth daily consumption of drinking water is related to peasants’ population: from 2 – 5 liters/daily (33.3%) to 20 – 40 liters/daily (33.3%). In the article was shown influence some components of the chemical composition of potable water in the 6 rural tacsons of Dnepropetrovsk region (Zn, Cu, Mn, pH, F, Al, ammonium nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates, oxidation) to the morbidity of 14 y.o. children such diseases as: blood circulation system, tumors, blood and blood organs, anemia, nervous system, congenital anomalies, i.e. blood circulation system (p < 0.05). Correlation was significantly determined between general rigidity and iron on the potable water and blood and blood organs diseases, and anemia among children population in the majority of rural tacsons (r=0.58 – 0.79); between anemia – content of chlorides and sulfates in the centralized water sources (r = 0.87) (p < 0.05)

Terminologie médicale en philologie et traduction

Cette revue décrit la variation culturelle dans le discours médical et la variation selon les genres et les registres. Au cours de la dernière décennie, les questions du discours scientifique ont généralement été considérées dans le contexte de l'enseignement de la langue professionnelle.. Sur la base d'une analyse de traduction du texte du discours scientifique dans le domaine de la médecine, il a été déterminé que les grammaires 36,2% et les transformations lexicales 34,6% sont le plus souvent utilisées, et la densité de l'utilisation des termes médicaux est de 25,7%, en raison de la sévérité des textes du discours scientifique dans le domaine de la médecine

Water Quality Assessment in the Mining and Industrial Region on the Example of Karachunovskyi Reservoir in Ukraine

Quality of water from surface water source – Karachunovskyi reservoir for a long period of observation during 1965-1979, 1980-1990, 1991-2001, 2002-2012 years was studied. In water taken from Karachunovskyi reservoir was shown negative trend for increasing salt composition, by the content of general rigidity, dry residue, sulfates, chlorides for a long period of observation: from 1965 to 2012 years, which is caused by the systematic discharge of a highly mineralized mine water from the mining enterprises of Kryvyi Rih into Ingulets and Saksagan rivers, and subsequent pollution of Karachunovskyi reservoir – the main source of centralized drinking water supply 94% of the urban population. Generally, salt composition of the water from Karachunovskyi reservoir in some years of observation belonged to the 4th class of danger, i.e. "limited usable, undesirable quality". Characteristic feature of the Karachunovskyi reservoir in Ukraine is the presence of priority heavy metals (Mo, Mg, Cd, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr) in water sources, due to the intensive extraction of iron ore. For example, average iron content in 2010 was (0.342±0.003) mg/dm3, which exceeded MPC (0.3 mg/dm3) on 1.14 times. The average content of manganese exceeded the hygienic standard in 2008 (1.42 MPC), in 2009 (1.3 MPC) and in 2010 (1.54 MPC) years, due to a high background content of this chemical element in the environmental facilities of the industrial city, and the annual discharge of highly mineralized mine water into local water sources