51 research outputs found
THE TRANSFER OF A COMPANY SEAT TO A DIFFERENT MEMBER STATE IN THE LIGHT OF THE RECENT āPOLBUDā DECISION
This paper observes the transfer of a company seat to a different Member State as an expression of the EU freedom of establishment. The reason for such analysis is the recent and somewhat controversial āPolbudā decision. The Court decided that a company enjoys the freedom of establishment to transfer its registered seat to another
Member State despite the fact that it will not perform any economic activity there. In addition, the Court held that the mandatory liquidation of a company goes beyond what is necessary to protect the legitimate interests of minority shareholders, creditors, and employees. The paper scrutinizes both findings. A special attention is devoted to the role of an actual economic activity for the notion of the freedom of establishment.
The paper arrives to the conclusion that, along with the freedom to actually perform economic activity, the freedom of establishment includes the freedom to use all national legal forms suitable for performing of an economic activity. As to the second finding, although it is possible that the mandatory liquidation indeed goes beyond necessary, the Court failed to demonstrate that this was the case
Self-gravitating bosons at nonzero temperature
A system of charged bosons at finite temperature and chemical potential is
studied in a general-relativistic framework. We assume that the boson fields
interact only gravitationally. At sufficiently low temperature the system
exists in two phases: the gas and the condensate. By studying the condensation
process numerically we determine the critical temperature at which the
condensate emerges. As the temperature decreases, the system eventually settles
down in the ground state of a cold boson star.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures included, revised, to appear in Nucl. Phys.
Analog Schwarzschild black hole from a nonisentropic fluid
We study the conditions under which an analog acoustic geometry of a relativistic fluid in flat spacetime can take the same form as the Schwarzschild black hole geometry. We find that the speed of sound must necessarily be equal to the speed of light. Since the speed of the fluid cannot exceed the speed of light, this implies that analog Schwarzschild geometry necessarily breaks down behind the horizon
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE REDUCTION OF PAIN DURING ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND NERVE CONDUCTION STUDIES
Background: Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are an unpleasant and sometimes painful
examinations. Pain can reduce patientās compliance and have a negative effect on the examination results. Different studies rep ort
that music affects pain perception by acting as a distractor, by inducing positive emotional valence or through the concept of
convergence of different sensory modalities. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of music and different environment al and
sociodemographic factors on pain perception during EMG and NCS.
Subjects and methods: Sixty patients with suspected neuromuscular disease were randomized into music and control group.
Specific questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, examination waiting time, examination extent
and biometeorological forecast. The numerical rating scale was used for the evaluation of pain. The examiner evaluated patientā s
compliance after the examination.
Results: NCS was less painful for patients in the music group (p=0.03), as well as for more cooperative patients (p=0.011). For
patients who previously underwent EMG/NCS, present NCS was more painful (p=0.001), regardless of the music intervention
(p=0.019). EMG was more painful for older patients (p=0.041). Patients with lower level of education reported lower pain during
NCS (p=0.026). Gender, financial satisfaction, biometeorological forecast, diabetes, depression or malignant disease, use and
dosing of analgesics or antidepressants, symptoms, examination waiting time and the examination extent had no effect on pain
perception.
Conclusions: Music significantly decreased the perception of pain associated with NCS, but not the EMG portion of the
examination. During EMG pain level was not significantly reduced, but the median of pain was still lower. Generally, the pain l evel
during NCS, unlike the one during EMG, was affected by patients\u27 compliance, level of education and painful predetermination. W e
propose using music during EMG/NCS because it can make the examination more comfortable for the patient and thus contribute to
better quality of this examination
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies as a possible predisposing factor to the development of Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a symmetric distal muscle weakness and sensory deficit accompanied with diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes. Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is a hereditary neuropathy presenting with transient muscle weakness and sensory symptoms after exposure to pressure or prolonged use in the affected area
Hepatitis CāAssociated Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes type 2 mellitus (T2DM) is the most common extrahepatic association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Substantial research has suggested that insulin resistance (IR) has crucial importance in development of type 2 diabetes in HCV-infected patients. Several pathophysiological mechanisms are proposed, such as direct effect of HCV proteins on inhibition of the insulin-signaling pathway inducing central insulin resistance (IR), while overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and increased lipolysis promote peripheral IR.Ā IR in HCV-infected patients is associated with impaired sustained virologic response (SVR) and higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some, but not all, studies have shown improvements in achieving SVR in patients with interferon/ribavirin (RBV) therapy co-treated with metformin or pioglitazone as well as beneficiary effect on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies indicate that response to the new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments is unaffected by insulin resistance thus diminishing importance of IR in the new era of DAA.Ā Additionally, viral eradication by DAAs has been shown to ameliorate insulin resistance, attenuating the risk of new-onset diabetes type 2. However, those metabolic improvements are sustainable long after the treatment remains unclear
Superluminal pions in a hadronic fluid
We study the propagation of pions at finite temperature and finite chemical
potential in the framework of the linear sigma model with 2 quark flavors and
colors. The velocity of massless pions in general differs from that of
light. One-loop calculations show that in the chiral symmetry broken phase
pions, under certain conditions, propagate faster than light.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures included. Considerably revised, discussions
expanded, one figure added, typos corrected, results unchanged. To be
published in Phys. Rev.
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