Numerical Simulation of Multi-Phase Multi-Component Reactive Flow in Porous Media

In this thesis we develop a multi-component multi-phase reactive transport simulator to facilitate the investigation of a large variety of phenomena in porous media including component transport, diffusion, microbiological growth and decay, cell attachment and detachment and phase exchange. The coupled problem is solved using operator splitting approach. This approach enables us to use higher-order schemes and reduce numerical diffusion, which can result in an overestimation of phase exchange and reaction processes. Furthermore, this approach allows a flexible adaptation of the solution strategy to the concrete problem. We conduct an in-depth comparison of the fully-coupled and splitting approaches in order to derive criteria for the most efficient scheme depending on the relative importance of advection, diffusion and reaction

Numerical simulation of growth of Escherichia coli in unsaturated porous media

A model for the aerobic and anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli (HB101 K12 pGLO) depending on the concentration of oxygen and DOC as substrate has been developed based on laboratory batch experiments. Using inverse modelling to obtain optimal sets of parameters, it could be shown that a model based on a modified double Contois kinetic can predict cell densities, organic carbon utilisation, oxygen transfer and utilisation rates for a large number of experiments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with a single unique set of parameters. The model was extended to describe growth of E. coli in unsaturated porous media, combining diffusion, phase exchange and microbiological growth. Experiments in a Hele-Shaw cell, filled with quartz sand, were conducted to study bacterial growth in the capillary fringe above a saturated porous medium. Cell density profiles in the Hele-Shaw cell were predicted with the growth model and the parameters from the batch experiments without any further calibration. They showed a very good qualitative and quantitative agreement with cell densities determined from samples taken from the Hele-Shaw cell by re-suspension and subsequent counting. Thus it could be shown, that it is possible to successfully transfer growth parameters from batch experiments to porous media for both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.Comment: Minor changes in conclusions, results unchange

Remnants of an ancient deltaretrovirus in the genomes of horseshoe aats (Rhinolophidae)

Endogenous retrovirus (ERV) sequences provide a rich source of information about the long-term interactions between retroviruses and their hosts. However, most ERVs are derived from a subset of retrovirus groups, while ERVs derived from certain other groups remain extremely rare. In particular, only a single ERV sequence has been identified that shows evidence of being related to an ancient , despite the large number of vertebrate genome sequences now available. In this report, we identify a second example of an ERV sequence putatively derived from a past deltaretroviral infection, in the genomes of several species of horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae). This sequence represents a fragment of viral genome derived from a single integration. The time of the integration was estimated to be 11-19 million years ago. This finding, together with the previously identified endogenous in long-fingered bats (Miniopteridae), suggest a close association of bats with ancient deltaretroviruses

Illegal storage of chemicals and hazardous waste as a source of possible accidents

This thesis presents a comprehensive view on the issue of illegal storage of hazardous substances and waste in the Czech Republic. The work is highly relevant, by the fact that illegal warehouses, or buildings where there is unlawful storage, the Czech Republic can find countless and their discovery is only a matter of time. In the theoretical part of the thesis deals with the legal definition of waste management, the topic of chemical substances and mixtures and their development at international and national level, so as to issues concerning these areas seen over the years. We describe the specific laws that serve as the theoretical basis for understanding the definition of waste and themes chemicals or mixtures. Another part is a statistical look at the amount of waste produced in the Czech Republic, the Czech Republic 's production with other countries of the European Union and the historical perspective. Results section is largely concerned with the detailed analysis of cases that the issues of illegal storage in the Czech Republic opened, that is, cases of illegal storage communities Libcany, Chvaletice and Nalžovice. Interestingly a certain comparison was analyzed other events associated with such dealings, and in 2010 in the village of Bela nad Svitavou . This case was very specific and publicized in the media, with regard to the fact that the property owner had a mental disorder. There is also outlined what motives leading operators of these stores for their operation. Great time and especially financial cost of illegal disposal of stores is devoted to the next chapter. In connection with this chapter builds on the measures taken immediately for further such objects as identifying and initiating a control action called " brownfields". Part of the work dealing with the simulation of a potential hazard in the event that occurred some of these accident scenarios is very alarming. Terex program to simulate leakage of hydrogen cyanide in a specific amount, which was formed by the reaction of potassium cyanide and inorganic acids. Given that the placement of substances in the warehouse disregarded, and the material rather than with expertise stored with the need to save the maximum space, this reaction actually could occur. Simulated the escape of a former factory in the village Vertex Libcany. Indeed, the alarming fact is that at a distance of one hundred meters from the house was situated kindergarten and elementary school, where the daily ranges to three hundred people. In conclusion the author's position is defined and assessment solutions to the operators concerned in the event of liquidation of illegal warehouse Libčany a definition of the fundamental weaknesses associated with the solution in these cases. Further proposals are discussed, especially legislative, methodological and organizational aspects that must be incorporated into the legislation of our country, so that in the future establishment of such a warehouse avoided. The final section describes the recommended procedures for what to do in the event of a chemical accident

Overcoming the Uncertainty in the Du-Pont Graph of Profitability

Financial analysis of a company requires a wealth of information. There is so much information available and so much of the analysis can be computerized, that the task of the analyst is to select the appropriate tools, gather the pertinent information, and interpret the information. Analysis is becoming more important following the recent scandals as investors and financial managers are learning to become more sceptical of accounting information and look more closely at trends in data, comparisons with other firms, the relation between management compensation and earnings, and footnote disclosures. One of the best tools for predicting profit from financial analysis is the use of Du-Pont graph of profitability. It sees a connection between profit and turnover of operating assets. Each company has, however, individual curve of this dependence, therefore, the determination of turnover for the planned profit vague matter (values create the array of values). The aim of this paper is to propose a method to resolve uncertainty in planning for asset turnover target profit. Will be used polynomial interpolation theory and posterior information

Discovery of an endogenous Deltaretrovirus in the genome of long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae)

Retroviruses can create endogenous forms on infiltration into the germline cells of their hosts. These forms are then vertically transmitted and can be considered as genetic fossils of ancient viruses. All retrovirus genera, with the exception of deltaretroviruses, have had their representation identified in the host genome as a virus fossil record. Here we describe an endogenous Deltaretrovirus, identified in the germline of long-fingered bats (Miniopteridae). A single, heavily deleted copy of this retrovirus has been found in the genome of miniopterid species, but not in the genomes of the phylogenetically closest bat families, Vespertilionidae and Cistugonidae. Therefore, the endogenization occurred in a time interval between 20 and 45 million years ago. This discovery closes the last major gap in the retroviral fossil record and provides important insights into the history of deltaretroviruses in mammals