967 research outputs found
COSMOSOMAS Observations of the CMB and Galactic Foregrounds at 11 GHz: Evidence for anomalous microwave emission at high Galactic Latitude
We present observations with the new 11 GHz radiometer of the COSMOSOMAS
experiment at the Teide Observatory (Tenerife). The sky region between 0 deg <=
RA <= 360 deg and 26 deg <= DEC 49 deg (ca. 6500 square degrees) was observed
with an angular resolution of 0.9 deg. Two orthogonal independent channels in
the receiving system measured total power signals from linear polarizations
with a 2 GHz bandwidth. Maps with an average sensitivity of 50 microK per beam
have been obtained for each channel. At high Galactic latitude (|b|>30deg) the
11 GHz data are found to contain the expected cosmic microwave background as
well as extragalactic radiosources, galactic synchrotron and free-free
emission, and a dust-correlated component which is very likely of galactic
origin. At the angular scales allowed by the window function of the experiment,
the dust-correlated component presents an amplitude \Delta T aprox. 9-13 microK
while the CMB signal is of order 27 microK. The spectral behaviour of the
dust-correlated signal is examined in the light of previous COSMOSOMAS data at
13-17 GHz and WMAP data at 22-94 GHz in the same sky region. We detect a
flattening in the spectral index of this signal below 20 GHz which rules out
synchrotron radiation as being responsible for the emission. This anomalous
dust emission can be described by a combination of free-free emission and
spinning dust models with a flux density peaking around 20 GHz.Comment: 17 pages, 10 tables, 20 figures. Details on the COSMOSOMAS experiment
can be found at http://www.iac.es/project/cmb/cosmosomas
Expression and regulation of neurotrophins in the nondegenerate and degenerate human intervertebral disc
CMB observations with the Jodrell Bank - IAC interferometer at 33 GHz
The paper presents the first results obtained with the Jodrell Bank - IAC
two-element 33 GHz interferometer. The instrument was designed to measure the
level of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) fluctuations at angular scales
of 1 - 2 degrees. The observations analyzed here were taken in a strip of the
sky at Dec = +41 deg with an element separation of 16.7 lambda, which gives a
maximum sensitivity to ~1.6 deg structures on the sky. The data processing and
calibration of the instrument are described. The sensitivity achieved in each
of the two channels is 7 micro K per resolution element. A reconstruction of
the sky at Dec = +41 deg using a maximum entropy method shows the presence of
structure at a high level of significance. A likelihood analysis, assuming a
flat CMB spatial power spectrum, gives a best estimate of the level of CMB
fluctuations of Delta Tl = 43 (+13,-12) micro K for the range l = 109 +/- 19;
the main uncertainty in this result arises from sample variance. We consider
that the contamination from the Galaxy is small. These results represent a new
determination of the CMB power spectrum on angular scales where previous
results show a large scatter; our new results are in agreement with the
theoretical predictions of the standard inflationary cold dark matter models.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. Web site at
http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/research/cmb/ Accepted for publication in MNRA
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist delivered directly and by gene therapy inhibits matrix degradation in the intact degenerate human intervertebral disc: an in situ zymographic and gene therapy study
Data implicate IL-1 in the altered matrix biology that characterizes human intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. In the current study we investigated the enzymic mechanism by which IL-1 induces matrix degradation in degeneration of the human IVD, and whether the IL-1 inhibitor IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) will inhibit degradation. A combination of in situ zymography (ISZ) and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the effects of IL-1 and IL-1Ra on matrix degradation and metal-dependent protease (MDP) expression in explants of non-degenerate and degenerate human IVDs. ISZ employed three substrates (gelatin, collagen, casein) and different challenges (IL-1β, IL-1Ra and enzyme inhibitors). Immunohistochemistry was undertaken for MDPs. In addition, IL-1Ra was introduced into degenerate IVD explants using genetically engineered constructs. The novel findings from this study are: IL-1Ra delivered directly onto explants of degenerate IVDs eliminates matrix degradation as assessed by multi-substrate ISZ; there is a direct relationship between matrix degradation assessed by ISZ and MDP expression defined by immunohistochemistry; single injections of IVD cells engineered to over-express IL-1Ra significantly inhibit MDP expression for two weeks. Our findings show that IL-1 is a key cytokine driving matrix degradation in the degenerate IVD. Furthermore, IL-1Ra delivered directly or by gene therapy inhibits IVD matrix degradation. IL-1Ra could be used therapeutically to inhibit degeneration of the IVD
The optical system of the Tenerife Microwave Spectrometer: a window for observing the 10-20 GHz sky spectra
The TMS optical system is based on a decentered dual-reflector system in a
Gregorian configuration to observe with an angular resolution of less than
. The primary goal of the present study is to evaluate the final
design and verify that it satisfies the design requirements. We aim for low
cross-polarization (-30 dB), low sidelobe (-25 dB) levels, and a stable beam in
terms of shape (low ellipticity) and size over a full octave bandwidth (10-20
GHz). We performed both ray-tracing and full-wave simulations using the CST
Studio software in order to investigate the system behaviour. We gave special
attention to the beam frequency variation and polarization leakage. We have
characterized the effects on the radiation pattern produced by the cryostat
window. We present the final design of the TMS optical system, as well as a
complete study of the system's performance in terms of cross-polarization,
sidelobes, ellipticity and beamwidth. We discuss the effects of sidelobes and
study the need for a baffle.Comment: 30 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in JINS
Expression of semaphorin 3A and its receptors in the human intervertebral disc: potential role in regulating neural ingrowth in the degenerate intervertebral disc
Construction and testing of the optical bench for LISA pathfinder
eLISA is a space mission designed to measure gravitational radiation over a frequency range of 0.1–100 mHz (European Space Agency LISA Assessment Study Report 2011). It uses laser interferometry to measure changes of order in the separation of inertial test masses housed in spacecraft separated by 1 million km. LISA Pathfinder (LPF) is a technology demonstrator mission that will test the key eLISA technologies of inertial test masses monitored by laser interferometry in a drag-free spacecraft. The optical bench that provides the interferometry for LPF must meet a number of stringent requirements: the optical path must be stable at the few level; it must direct the optical beams onto the inertial masses with an accuracy of better than ±25 μm, and it must be robust enough not only to survive launch vibrations but to achieve full performance after launch. In this paper we describe the construction and testing of the flight optical bench for LISA Pathfinder that meets all the design requirements
QUIJOTE Scientific Results. II. Polarisation Measurements of the Microwave Emission in the Galactic molecular complexes W43 and W47 and supernova remnant W44
We present Q-U-I JOint TEnerife (QUIJOTE) intensity and polarisation maps at
10-20 GHz covering a region along the Galactic plane 24<l<45 deg, |b|<8 deg.
These maps result from 210 h of data, have a sensitivity in polarisation of ~40
muK/beam and an angular resolution of ~1 deg. Our intensity data are crucial to
confirm the presence of anomalous microwave emission (AME) towards the two
molecular complexes W43 (22 sigma) and W47 (8 sigma). We also detect at high
significance (6 sigma) AME associated with W44, the first clear detection of
this emission towards a SNR. The new QUIJOTE polarisation data, in combination
with WMAP, are essential to: i) Determine the spectral index of the synchrotron
emission in W44, beta_sync =-0.62 +/-0.03, in good agreement with the value
inferred from the intensity spectrum once a free-free component is included in
the fit. ii) Trace the change in the polarisation angle associated with Faraday
rotation in the direction of W44 with rotation measure -404 +/- 49 rad/m2. And
iii) set upper limits on the polarisation of W43 of Pi_AME <0.39 per cent (95
per cent C.L.) from QUIJOTE 17~GHz, and <0.22 per cent from WMAP 41 GHz data,
which are the most stringent constraints ever obtained on the polarisation
fraction of the AME. For typical physical conditions (grain temperature and
magnetic field strengths), and in the case of perfect alignment between the
grains and the magnetic field, the models of electric or magnetic dipole
emissions predict higher polarisation fractions.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
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