Symbolically Annihilating Female Police Officer Capabilities: Cultivating Gendered Police Use of Force Expectations

This first step cultivation analysis examines the quantity, temporal dynamics, and stance of muni-cipal police officer use of force depictions based on the gender of the officer. The 112 theatri-cally released films that comprise the core cop film genre were systematically identified. Subsequently, a population of 468 police use of force scenes was identified to serve as the units of analysis for this study. Findings revealed male officer use of force scenes appeared across all 40 years of films. Female officer use of force scenes, however, were highly restricted to specific films, years, and often dwarfed by male scenes within films. Lone female officer use of force scenes saw their highest representation in the 1980s but declined in the 1990s and 2000s, becoming increasingly dependent on a male officer’s presence. Implications of such patterns are discussed as well as potential second step cultivation studies

Predicting Staff Assault in Juvenile Correctional Facilities

This study examines the predictive utility of the community-based Positive Achievement Change Tool–Prescreen (PACT-PS) for staff assault in a sample of 787 state-committed male youth. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated the PACT-PS failed to predict staff assault across racial/ethnic groups. Notably, this study also found youth with serious delinquent histories and prior commitments improved the PACT-PS’s ability to predict staff assault. Limitations of this study, suggestions for future research, and practical implications are discussed

The Race

Non-fiction by Howard Henderso

Insect pheromones : the synthesis of the sex pheromone of Cryptoplebia leucotreta Meyr. and related compounds

The concept of pheromones is briefly expounded leading on to a discussion of the identified sex pheromones in the order Lepidoptera. The relationship between the structures Of these compounds and their biological activity is reviewed. A brief introduction to the sexual biology of tbe false codling moth (Gryptophlebia Leucotreta Meyr.) is given

X-linked Hyper IgM (HIGM1) in an African kindred: the first report from South Africa

BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and molecular features of the first South African family with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM1). METHODS: Diagnoses were based on immunoglobulin results and the absence of CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression on activated T-cells. Complete molecular characterisation involved CD40L cDNA sequencing, and genomic DNA analysis by polymerase chain reaction amplification, restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. A PCR-based diagnostic assay was established for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis in this family. RESULTS: There were originally six children, three males and three females. The eldest boy died after being diagnosed with hypogammaglobulinaemia, before HIGM1 was considered. This disorder was diagnosed in the second eldest boy at the age of 5 years, after failing to detect CD40L expression on his activated T-cells. A deficiency of CD40L was also confirmed in the youngest male at the age of 5 years. Both younger brothers have since died of infections relating to HIGM1. Molecular investigation showed that exon 3 was deleted from the CD40L mRNA of the affected males. Genomic DNA analysis identified a 1.5 kilobase deletion, spanning exon 3 and including extended flanking intronic sequence. Carrier status in the mother was confirmed by RT-PCR of her CD40L mRNA. Genetic analysis of the three female children was deferred because they were below the legal consenting age of 18 years. A PCR-based assay for genomic DNA was established for easy identification of female carriers and affected males in the future. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the diagnosis of HIGM1 in the first South African family to be investigated and identified a novel mutation in the CD40L gene

L-2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria in a South African Staffordshire Bull Terrier

L-2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria is an autosomal recessive error of metabolism that manifests as an encephalopathy. The most common presenting signs are seizures, tremors, ataxia and/ or dementia. Some affected dogs show only subtle behavioural changes. Amongst canines, the condition has been best described in Staffordshire Bull Terriers. Although this is the first reported case in South Africa, at least three other affected dogs have been indentified by polmerase chain reaction (PCR) in this country. Affected dogs have normal haematology, serum biochemistry and routine urine analysis. This report discusses the advantages and limitations of the three main diagnostic modalities, namely: magnetic resonance imaging, urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and genetic testing. The aim of this report is to increase awareness of the condition, assist diagnosis in encephalopathic dogs and improve detection of carriers amongst breeding stock

L-2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria in a South African Staffordshire Bull Terrier

L-2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria is an autosomal recessive error of metabolism that manifests as an encephalopathy. The most common presenting signs are seizures, tremors, ataxia and/ or dementia. Some affected dogs show only subtle behavioural changes. Amongst canines, the condition has been best described in Staffordshire Bull Terriers. Although this is the first reported case in South Africa, at least three other affected dogs have been indentified by polmerase chain reaction (PCR) in this country. Affected dogs have normal haematology, serum biochemistry and routine urine analysis. This report discusses the advantages and limitations of the three main diagnostic modalities, namely: magnetic resonance imaging, urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and genetic testing. The aim of this report is to increase awareness of the condition, assist diagnosis in encephalopathic dogs and improve detection of carriers amongst breeding stock

Panel I Discussion: The Criminal Justice System: George Floyd Bill & Qualified Immunity

This presentation explored the jurisprudence surrounding the doctrine of qualified immunity. It discusses the obscurity of many of its applications using the “clearly established” law standard. It also details a number of reasons justifying the call to eliminate the qualified immunity defense