6 research outputs found
The Inconsistent use of in the RV Equation
Since the discovery of the first exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star,
astronomers have inferred the orbital properties of planets using stellar
radial velocity (RV) measurements. For a star orbited by a single planet, the
stellar orbit is a dilation and rotation of the planetary orbit.
Thus, many of the Keplerian orbital properties of the star are identical to
those of the planet. However, there is a notable exception: the argument of
periastron, , defined as the angle between the periapsis of an orbiting
body and its ascending node. The argument of periastron of the star
() is offset from the argument of periastron of the
planet (). This distinction is important because some derivations of
the RV equation use , while others use . This
discrepancy arises because commonly used derivations of the RV equation do not
adhere to a single coordinate system. As a result, there are inconsistencies in
the definitions of the Keplerian orbital parameters in various RV models,
leading to values of the ascending node and that are
offset. For instance, some packages, such as \texttt{RadVel} and
\texttt{ExoFast}, report values for that are identical to the
values determined with other packages, such as \texttt{TTVFast} and
\texttt{Orvara}, resulting in orbital solutions that differ by .
This discrepancy highlights the need for standardized conventions and
definitions in RV modeling, particularly as we enter the era of combining RVs
with astrometry.Comment: 5 pages,2 figures, 1 tabl
Investigating the Atmospheric Mass Loss of the Kepler-105 Planets Straddling the Radius Gap
An intriguing pattern among exoplanets is the lack of detected planets
between approximately R and R. One proposed
explanation for this "radius gap" is the photoevaporation of planetary
atmospheres, a theory that can be tested by studying individual planetary
systems. Kepler-105 is an ideal system for such testing due to the ordering and
sizes of its planets. Kepler-105 is a sun-like star that hosts two planets
straddling the radius gap in a rare architecture with the larger planet closer
to the host star ( R, days, R, days). If photoevaporation sculpted the
atmospheres of these planets, then Kepler-105b would need to be much more
massive than Kepler-105c to retain its atmosphere, given its closer proximity
to the host star. To test this hypothesis, we simultaneously analyzed radial
velocities (RVs) and transit timing variations (TTVs) of the Kepler-105 system,
measuring disparate masses of M ( g cm) and M ( g cm). Based on these masses, the difference in gas
envelope content of the Kepler-105 planets could be entirely due to
photoevaporation (in 76\% of scenarios), although other mechanisms like
core-powered mass loss could have played a role for some planet albedos.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
The TESS-Keck Survey. XX. 15 New TESS Planets and a Uniform RV Analysis of All Survey Targets
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has discovered hundreds of new worlds, with TESS planet candidates now outnumbering the total number of confirmed planets from Kepler. Owing to differences in survey design, TESS continues to provide planets that are better suited for subsequent follow-up studies, including mass measurement through radial velocity (RV) observations, compared to Kepler targets. In this work, we present the TESS-Keck Survey’s (TKS) Mass Catalog: a uniform analysis of all TKS RV survey data that has resulted in mass constraints for 126 planets and candidate signals. This includes 58 mass measurements that have reached ≥5 σ precision. We confirm or validate 32 new planets from the TESS mission either by significant mass measurement (15) or statistical validation (17), and we find no evidence of likely false positives among our entire sample. This work also serves as a data release for all previously unpublished TKS survey data, including 9,204 RV measurements and associated activity indicators over our three-year survey. We took the opportunity to assess the performance of our survey and found that we achieved many of our goals, including measuring the mass of 38 small (<4 R _⊕ ) planets, nearly achieving the TESS mission’s basic science requirement. In addition, we evaluated the performance of the Automated Planet Finder as survey support and observed meaningful constraints on system parameters, due to its more uniform phase coverage. Finally, we compared our measured masses to those predicted by commonly used mass–radius relations and investigated evidence of systematic bias
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The TESS-Keck Survey. XX. 15 New TESS Planets and a Uniform RV Analysis of All Survey Targets
Abstract
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has discovered hundreds of new worlds, with TESS planet candidates now outnumbering the total number of confirmed planets from Kepler. Owing to differences in survey design, TESS continues to provide planets that are better suited for subsequent follow-up studies, including mass measurement through radial velocity (RV) observations, compared to Kepler targets. In this work, we present the TESS-Keck Survey’s (TKS) Mass Catalog: a uniform analysis of all TKS RV survey data that has resulted in mass constraints for 126 planets and candidate signals. This includes 58 mass measurements that have reached ≥5σ precision. We confirm or validate 32 new planets from the TESS mission either by significant mass measurement (15) or statistical validation (17), and we find no evidence of likely false positives among our entire sample. This work also serves as a data release for all previously unpublished TKS survey data, including 9,204 RV measurements and associated activity indicators over our three-year survey. We took the opportunity to assess the performance of our survey and found that we achieved many of our goals, including measuring the mass of 38 small (<4 R
⊕) planets, nearly achieving the TESS mission’s basic science requirement. In addition, we evaluated the performance of the Automated Planet Finder as survey support and observed meaningful constraints on system parameters, due to its more uniform phase coverage. Finally, we compared our measured masses to those predicted by commonly used mass–radius relations and investigated evidence of systematic bias.</jats:p