Retirement planning behaviour of vulnerable groups in Singapore.

Retirement planning study has been conducted to examine the unique retirement planning behaviour of Singaporeans. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of our survey on retirement planning in Singapore, administered to 200 respondents, shows some disturbing trends. For those who actually do proper retirement planning, we see an over-reliance on CPF and low-yield fixed deposits which might not generate sufficient income to fund retirement expenses. Some also rely on a small number of tools, sacrificing diversification. Even more vulnerable are the non-planners and the late planners. Together, these groups (non-planners and late planners) are characterized by low levels of income, financial literacy and English proficiency, and an over-representation of women with children. The top three reasons given for not doing retirement planning are insufficient funds, self-perceived lack of knowledge to do planning, and the perceived lack of need for retirement planning. Those who plan to work after retirement age tend not to start retirement planning until fairly late. Non-planners and those who start retirement planning at a late age are somewhat similar in their profiles and attitudes.BUSINES

Channel density reduction by routing over the cells

[[abstract]]An approach for reducing the density of a channel by routing some nets (or subnets) over the cells (i.e. outside the channel) is proposed. Previous research assumed that the more nets being routed over the cells, the greater the reduction in the channel density. It is shown that only the removal of critical nets contributes to the reduction in the channel density. The channel is divided into zones where each zone has a zone density and the removal of any net from a zone will reduce its density by one. In order to reduce the channel density, only certain critical zones need to have their nets routed over the cells. A bipartite graph is used to represent the relationship between nets and zones. The problem is transformed into a constrained covering problem and formulated as an integer linear programming problem. In comparison with previous research, this approach reduces more channel densities while using fewer tracks over the cells.[[fileno]]2030207030036[[department]]資訊工程學

Channel density reduction by routing over the cells

[[abstract]]An approach for reducing the density of a channel by routing some nets (or subnets) over the cells (i.e., outside the channel) is proposed. It is shown that only the removal of critical nets contributes to the reduction in the channel density. The channel is divided into zones, each having a zone density where the removal of any net from a zone will reduce its density by one. To reduce the channel density, only certain critical zones need to have their nets routed over the cells. A bipartite graph is used to represent the relationship between nets and zones. The problem is transformed into a constrained covering problem and formulated as an integer linear programming problem. Compared to previous research, the approach reduces more channel densities while using fewer tracks over the cells. For Deutsch's difficult channel, a previous approach needs 15 tracks over the cells to reduce the channel density by 3, whereas the present needs only 5 tracks to achieve the same result.[[fileno]]2030207010007[[department]]資訊工程學