An Overview and Strategies for Kindergarten Sports Activities: Assessing the Current Situation and Identifying Countermeasures

For a long time, under the influence of the traditional ideology that emphasizes knowledge supremacy, sports activities have been treated unequally, often equated with "play". However, in recent years, the decline in the physical fitness of children and adolescents has drawn extra attention to sports activities. Early childhood is a critical period for children's physical development, and outdoor sports activities in kindergarten play a crucial role in enhancing children's physical fitness and promoting their overall development.Children's physical activities provide children's physical development to maintain health, so that children promote the development of sports skills through physical exercise. This study explored the current situation of kindergarten physical activity around time, space, content and teacher attitude through observation method and interview method. Study found that kindergarten physical activity type is single, kindergarten sports equipment utilization is low, insufficient venues, lack of effective teachers' guidance, analysis the main cause of the above problems is: kindergarten does not pay attention to physical activities, teachers did not scientific use of materials, sports space is limited, inadequate teacher guidance. It puts forward the strategies of improving the kindergarten physical activity curriculum, strengthening the management, improving the utilization efficiency of sports equipment, reasonably planning the site, expanding the activity space, creating good conditions, introducing professional teachers, and improving the professional quality of teachers. Keywords: kindergarten; physical activity; teaching status DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-26-01 Publication date:September 30th 202

LDL receptor in alphavirus entry: structural analysis and implications for antiviral therapy

Various low-density lipoprotein receptors (LPRs) have been identified as entry factors for alphaviruses, and structures of the corresponding virion-receptor complexes have been determined. Here, we analyze the similarities and differences in the receptor binding modes of multiple alphaviruses to understand their ability to infect a wide range of hosts. We further discuss the challenges associated with the development of broad-spectrum treatment strategies against a diverse range of alphaviruses

RETRACTED: An empirical investigation of the impact of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth on climate change, evidence from emerging Asian countries

One of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the current millennium is the need to mitigate climate change, and one of the most viable options to overcome this challenge is to invest in renewable energy. The study dynamically examines the impact of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth on climate change, using Augmented Mean Group (AMG) technique in emerging Asian countries during the period 1975–2020. The estimated results show that the consumption of renewable energy sources significantly mitigates climate change, while the consumption of non-renewable energy sources significantly contributes to climate change. Furthermore, economic growth, investment in transport infrastructure, and urbanization significantly accelerate climate change in specific emerging Asian countries. The results further demonstrate the validity of the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis in emerging Asian economies. Country-specific analysis results using AMG estimates shows that renewable energy consumption reduces climate change for all specific emerging Asian countries. However, the consumption of non-renewable energy sources and investments in transport infrastructure have significant incremental impacts on climate change in all countries. Urbanization contributes significantly to climate change, with the exception of Japan, which does not have any significant impact on climate change. The significant progressive effect of GDP and the significant adverse impact of GDP2 on climate change confirm the validity of the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis in India, China, Japan, and South Korea. Moreover, the Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test confirmed a pairwise causal relationship between non-renewable energy consumption and GDP, supporting the feedback hypothesis. According to the empirical analysis of this study, the best strategy for climate change mitigation in specific emerging countries in Asia is to transition from non-renewable energy to renewable energy

The late Eocene rise of SE Tibet formed an Asian ‘Mediterranean’ climate

Southeastern (SE) Tibet forms the transition zone between the high interior Tibetan Plateau and the lowlands of southwest China. So understanding the elevation history of SE Tibet, a biodiversity hotspot, enlightens our understanding of the interactions between tectonics, monsoon dynamics and biodiversity. Here we reconstruct the uplift history of the Markam Basin, SE Tibet, during the middle−late Eocene based on U − Pb dating, plant fossil assemblages, and stable and clumped isotope analyses. Our results suggest that the floor of the Markam Basin was at an elevation of 2.6 ± 0.9 km between 42 Ma and 39 Ma, where the mean annual air temperature (MAAT) was 13.2 ± 2.4 °C. The basin then rose rapidly to 3.8 (+0.6/−0.8) km before 36 Ma. Integrated with existing paleoelevation data, we propose that the high plateau boundary (∼3.0 km) of SE Tibet formed during the late Eocene. Numerical climate modeling with realistic paleo-landscapes shows that with the rise of SE Tibet, a Mediterranean-like climate developed in the region characterized by bi-modal precipitation with two wet seasons in boreal spring and autumn. The high topographic relief of SE Tibet, coupled with this distinctive Mediterranean-like climate system, helped develop the high biodiversity of the Hengduan Mountains

The rise and demise of the Paleogene Central Tibetan Valley

Reconstructing the Paleogene topography and climate of central Tibet informs understanding of collisional tectonic mechanisms and their links to climate and biodiversity. Radiometric dates of volcanic/sedimentary rocks and paleotemperatures based on clumped isotopes within ancient soil carbonate nodules from the Lunpola Basin, part of an east-west trending band of basins in central Tibet and now at 4.7 km, suggest that the basin rose from 4.0 km by 29 Ma. The height change is quantified using the rates at which wet-bulb temperatures ( ) decline at land surfaces as those surface rise. In this case, fell from ~8°C at ~38 Ma to ~1°C at 29 Ma, suggesting at least ~2.0 km of surface uplift in ~10 Ma under warm Eocene to Oligocene conditions. These results confirm that a Paleogene Central Tibetan Valley transformed to a plateau before the Neogene

A distinctive Eocene Asian monsoon and modern biodiversity resulted from the rise of eastern Tibet

The uplift of eastern Tibet, Asian monsoon development and the evolution of globally significant Asian biodiversity are all linked, but in obscure ways. Sedimentology, geochronology, clumped isotope thermometry, and fossil leaf-derived numerical climate data from the Relu Basin, eastern Tibet, show at ∼50–45 Ma the basin was a hot (mean annual air temperature, MAAT, ∼27 °C) dry desert at low-elevation of 0.6 ± 0.6 km. Rapid basin rise to 2.0 ± 0.9 km at 45–42 Ma and to 2.9 ± 0.9 km at 42–40 Ma, with MAATs of ∼20 and ∼16 °C, respectively, accompanied seasonally varying increased annual precipitation to >1500 mm. From ∼39 to 34 Ma, the basin attained 3.5 ± 1.0 km, near its present-day elevation (∼3.7 km), and MAAT cooled to ∼6 °C. Numerically-modelled Asian monsoon strength increased significantly when this Eocene uplift of eastern Tibet was incorporated. The simulation/proxy congruence points to a distinctive Eocene Asian monsoon, quite unlike that seen today, in that it featured bimodal precipitation and a winter-wet regime, and this enhanced biodiversity modernisation across eastern Asia. The Paleogene biodiversity of Asia evolved under a continually modifying monsoon influence, with the modern Asian monsoon system being unique to the present and a product of a long gradual development in the context of an ever-changing Earth system

Structure and expression of nuclear genes encoding light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptides of photosystem II in apple and soybean

An apple genomic library was constructed with lambda Charon 35 vector. The library was screened using a pea LHCP-II cDNA and an apple LHCP-II gene (AB10) was identified, subcloned and characterized. AB10 contains an open reading frame of 807 nucleotides coding for a precursor of 269 amino acids divided by a transit peptide of 40 amino acids and a mature polypeptide of 229 amino acids. This gene also contains a TTGTTT-like polyadenylation signal, and a 5\sp\prime-promoter region including TATA-like and CACAT-like boxes. Comparisons between AB10 and other LHCP-II genes from various plant species indicate that all the LHCP-II genes have similarities, on the average, of about 70% at the nucleotide level and of about 80% at the amino acid level. The transit peptide sequence of AB10 differs from those of other LHCP-II genes of annual plants, suggesting more codon substitutions in AB10 transit peptide than silent base substitutions in those of the other LHCP-II genes.It was found that there were two directly repeated DNA sequences, around 700 bp each, located in the 5\sp\prime flanking region of the AB10 sequence. These repeated sequences are related to deletion of the insert DNA during subcloning. The deletion of the apple insert DNA was also relevant to recA-independent recombination system in E. coli strains.The LHCP-II gene expression in a greening soybean cell culture was investigated. Regulation on expression of this gene is chloroplast development stage-specific, and the expression is under multiple controls, transcriptional and posttranscriptional.U of I OnlyETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissio

Theory and Methodology for High-Performance Material-Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Under the Guidance of Force-Flow

Anisotropy on strength between different layers and filaments in the material extrusion (MEX) process has a significant influence on mechanical performances of fabricated objects. A novel theory and methodology is proposed to improve mechanical performances of parts by designing and controlling the anisotropy. Anisotropy can then be in alignment with load paths under the guidance of force-flow. In this study, by (1) dividing the part into several building areas and generating corresponding building direction considering the force-flow properties of the part; (2) generating novel toolpaths which are based on principal stress lines (PSL) and will map the direction and magnitude of PSL, the adverse influence of anisotropy on mechanical performances between different layers and filaments can be minimized respectively. A 6-axis robot arm integrated with an extrusion system is constructed to handle the multi-direction building of each building area. The study will advance the development of additive manufacturing from "prototype" to "end-use".Mechanical Engineerin

Distribution, bioavailability and contamination assessment of mercury and arsenic in the surface sediments from the Yellow River Estuary, China

The distributions of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in the surface sediments of the Yellow River Estuary (YRE) of China were investigated. The average Hg concentration (54.05 ng g(-1)) in the YRE sediments was much higher than the background, while the average As concentration (9.53 mu g g(-1)) was comparable with the background. Atmospheric deposition Hg might be the major source of Hg in most studied sediments, while the point source Hg discharge might explain the relatively high levels of Hg in the specific site. The agricultural non-point source pollution and the natural sources might be the main source of As in the YRE sediments. The result of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction experiment showed that the most hazardous fraction (F1) contributed only a small percentage of the total concentrations for both Hg and As while the fraction with low mobility and bioavailability (F4) represented the maximum composition, indicating a low risk of mobility and bioavailability for Hg and As in the sediments. In addition, multiple indices and guidelines for sediment quality assessments were used in this study, results suggested a "good state" regarding Hg and As contamination in the surface sediments from the YRE