Happy eating: the single target implicit association test predicts overeating after positive emotions

For many years, questionnaires have been considered the standard when examining emotional eating behavior. However, recently, some controversy has arisen about these questionnaires, and their usefulness in identifying emotional eaters has been questioned. The current study aimed to investigate the Single Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT) as a measure of emotional eating. Two ST-IATs (assessing food-positive and food-negative associations respectively) and the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) were compared in undergraduate students. A positive, negative or neutral mood was induced by means of a film clip, and milkshake consumption was measured during and after the mood induction. It was hypothesized that participants with strong emotion-food associations on the ST-IATs (i.e., IAT-emotional eaters) would consume more food in the emotion induction condition corresponding to that emotion, as compared to those with weak emotion-food associations as well as to those in the neutral condition. Participants who scored high on both the positive and negative ST-IATs ate more during a positive mood induction than during a negative mood induction. This effect did not extend to milkshake consumption after the mood induction procedure. In addition, IAT-positive emotional eaters consumed more food than IAT-non-emotional eaters. No effects of the DEBQ on milkshake consumption were found. It is concluded that the ST-IAT has potential as a measure of emotional eating

Estimation of high-density activation maps during atrial fibrillation

The study of activation maps using multi-electrode arrays (MEA) can help to understand atrial fibrillation (AF) mechanisms. Activation mapping based on recorded unipolar electrograms (u-EGM) rely on the local activation time (LAT) detector, which has a limited robustness, accuracy, and generally requires manual post-edition. In general, LAT detection ignores spatiotemporal information about activation and conduction conveyed by the relation between signals of the MEA sensor. This work proposes an approach to construct activation maps by simultaneous analysis of u-EGMs from small clusters of MEA electrodes. The algorithm iteratively fits an activation pattern model to the acquired data. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing with audited maps created by expert electrophysiologists from a patient undergoing open-chest surgery during AF. The estimation error was -0.29 ± 6.01 ms (236 maps, 28369 LATs) with high correlation (¿ = 0.93). Therefore, activation maps can be decomposed into local activation patterns derived from fitting an activation model, resulting in smooth and comprehensive high-density activation maps

Чинники впливу на розвиток інвестиційної і страхової діяльності страховика

Метою статті є визначення рівня важливості чинників впливу на інвестиційну діяльність страхових компаній і дослідження внутрішньої структури можливого впливу інвестиційної діяльності страховиків на розвиток страхового ринку в Україні

Characterization of Propagation Patterns with Omnipolar EGM in Epicardial Multi-Electrode Arrays

Omnipolar Electrogram (OP-EGM) is a recently proposed technique to characterize myocardial propagation in multi-electrode catheters regardless of the angle between propagation direction and catheter bipolar. This work aims to evaluate the accuracy of atrial propagation parameters obtained with OP-EGM in sinus rhythm (SR) and in different patterns of atrial fibrillation (AF).Real and simulated unipolar electrograms (u-EGMs) were used in this study. For both types of data, conduction velocity was obtained for each clique of 4 neighbour electrodes using OP-EGM. As a reference, conduction velocity was also computed from local activation times (LATs) using a linear propagation model.Analysis of simulated data showed that conduction velocity had good concordance with propagation patterns for both estimations, although the LAT-based errors were lower in most of the cases. When conduction velocity magnitude (CV) was 1 mm/ms, its estimation errors (expressed as mean ± std) calculated with OP-EGM and from LATs were 0.053 ± 0.005 mm/ms and 0.003 ±2.1 ×10-5 mm/ms, respectively, when focus was at 30 mm from the bottom of the tissue slice, while propagation direction angular errors were 6.64 ± 4.3°and 4.35 ± 2.8°. In real data, maps obtained with OP-EGM presented smoother and more coherent patterns than those based on LATs

Outmigration Pathways of Stocked Juvenile European Sturgeon (Acipenser Sturio L., 1758) in the Lower Rhine River, as Revealed by Telemetry

International audienceWorking towards a future Rhine Sturgeon Action Plan the outmigration pathways of stocked juvenile European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio L., 1758) were studied in the River Rhine in 2012 and 2015 using the NEDAP Trail system. A total of 87 sturgeonof 3 to 5 years old (n = 43 in 2012, n = 44 in 2015) were implanted with transponders and released in May and June in the river Rhine at the Dutch‐German border, approximately 160 km from the sea. In total three sturgeons (3%) were found dead on river banks within seven days after the release. Based upon their wounds these sturgeons were likely hit by ship‐propellers. Tracking results were obtained from 57 (66%) of the sturgeons, of which 39 (45%) indicated movement into the Port of Rotterdam. Here the sturgeons remained for an average of two weeks, which suggests they spent time to acclimatize to higher salinities before entering the North Sea. Of the 45 (52%) sturgeons that were confirmed to have entered the North Sea, ten (22%) were recaptured (mainly by shrimpers and gill‐nets) close to the Dutch coastline; nine were alive and were released. From the results we obtained the preferred outmigration pathways, movement speeds and an indication of impacting factors (i.e. ship propellers and bycatch). Bycatches provided also localisations information in the coastal area. A next step to complete this work would be to assess habitat selection in freshwater and downstream migration of young of the year (YOY sturgeons) in the Lower Rhine

Global tuberculosis targets and milestones set for 2016-2035: definition and rationale.

BACKGROUND: Global tuberculosis (TB) targets were set as part of the World Health Organization's End TB Strategy (2016-2035) and the Sustainable Development Goals (2016-2030). OBJECTIVE: To define and explain the rationale for these targets. DESIGN: Scenarios for plausible reductions in TB deaths and cases were developed using empirical evidence from best-performing countries and modelling of the scale-up of under-used interventions and hypothetical TB vaccines. Results were discussed at consultations in 2012 and 2013. A final proposal was presented to the World Health Assembly in 2014 and unanimously endorsed by all Member States. RESULTS: The 2030 targets are a 90% reduction in TB deaths and 80% reduction in TB incidence compared with 2015 levels. The 2035 targets are for reductions of 95% and 90%, respectively. A third target-that no TB-affected households experience catastrophic costs due to the disease by 2020-was also agreed. CONCLUSION: The global TB targets and milestones set for the period 2016-2035 are ambitious. Achieving them requires concerted action on several fronts, but two things are fundamental: 1) progress towards universal health coverage to ensure that everyone with TB can access high-quality treatment; and 2) substantial investment in research and development for new tools to prevent TB disease among the approximately 1.7 billion people infected