Mutational bias of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus in the context of host anti-viral gene silencing

Plant Dicer-like (DCL) enzymes exhibit a GC-preference during anti-viral post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), delivering an evolutionary selection pressure resulting in plant viruses with GC-poor genomes. However, some viruses, e.g. Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus (TYMV, genus Tymovirus) have GC-rich genomes, raising the question as to whether or not DCL derived selection pressure affects these viruses. In this study we analyzed the virus-derived small interfering RNAs from TYMV-infected leaves of Brassica juncea showed that the TYMV population accumulated a mutational bias with AU replacing GC (GC–AU), demonstrating PTGS pressure. Interestingly, at the highly polymorphic sites the GC–AU bias was no longer observed. This suggests the presence of an unknown mechanism preventing mutational drift of the viral population and maintaining viral genome stability, despite the host PTGS pressure

Different critical points of chiral and deconfinement phase transitions in (2+1)-dimensional fermion-gauge interacting model

Based on the truncated Dyson-Schwinger equations for fermion and massive boson propagators in QED$_3$, the fermion chiral condensate and the mass singularities of the fermion propagator via the Schwinger function are investigated. It is shown that the critical point of chiral phase transition is apparently different from that of deconfinement phase transition and in Nambu phase the fermion is confined only for small gauge boson mass.Comment: 5 Pages and 3 figure

Research Progress on the Relevance between Intestinal Flora and Colorectal Cancer

Cancer is a common chronic disease all over the world, which will cause serious health burden. At present, the debate about the role of intestinal flora in the prevention and control of cancer has always existed. Therefore, researchers should pay close attention to the impact of intestinal flora on several cancers (such as colon cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer). In addition, it is reported that intestinal flora may also affect the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This paper introduces some energy research results to help clear the relationship between intestinal flora and cancer, even cancer micro environment. It can help clarify the mist of cancer and gut microbiota, let those little creatures to serve the progress of improving mankind living condition and of health and medicine