Karyotyping and number of chromosomes of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

Karyotype and number of chromosomes of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were determined by using tissue-squashing method and gimsa staining. In this experiment 80 larvae and 10 fingerlings (weighting 1-8 g) were examined and totally 30 chromosomal slides were prepared. The obtain results indicated that the number of chromosomes in this species was found 2n=48 (with 88 chromosomal arms). Consist of 6 pairs metacentric (M), 14 pairs submetacentric (SM) and 4 pairs of Acrocentric (A). The karyotype formula can be stated as: (6M + 14SM + 4A)

An investigation on feasibility of introduction of tilapia to aquaculture industry of inland brackish waters at desert areas of Iran

Tilapia is the third most cultured fish in the world. Studies about tilapia were started in Iran from November 2008 for the first time. Immature black Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and red hybrids were stocked in 6 cylindrical 3m3 fiberglass tanks from September 2009, for breeding. Samples were stocked in 27±0.5ºC water temperature, 11.5±0.5ppt salinity, 2500lux light/day (18h L: 6h D), sex ratio of 1:3 (male: female) at 5/m^3 density. Body weight and total length of spawned females were measured. Eggs were incubated in conical glass jars, after counting. Length of the large diameter and weight of 25 eggs were measured in the laboratory. Absolute and relative fecundity, spawning frequency of both black and red broodstocks, incubation period and hatching percent of the eggs were acquired. Power regression between body weight and total length of spawners, Pearson correlation coefficients of body weight and total length against absolute and relative fecundity, weight of egg clutch, length and weight of egg were obtained. Black and red spawners were compared for fecundity and egg quality, by t-student test (p<0.05). Spawning frequencies and optimum ranges of length, weight and age of spawning in black and red female tilapias were defined

A rapid anti-collision algorithm with class parting and optimal frames length in RFID systems

Several dynamic frame-slotted ALOHA (DFSA) methods are suggested to resolve the collision problem in radio frequency identification systems. This paper proposes a rapid DFSA-based algorithm for tags identification. The above-stated algorithm is based on adaptive class parting technique to select the optimal frames length. The selection of the best frame length is a major research factor to be used for dynamic frame slotted ALOHA algorithm. To get the best frame length in DFSA protocol, we classified the tags into the some groups. Each group of tags is determined by same prefixes. The main objectives of the new algorithm are to improve the tags identification time and to increase the reader energy efficiency. The ideal frame size has to be fixed to 2 times of the total of tags bit length if the ratio among collision-slot and empty-slot is 5. Observing the results clarifies that the algorithm in this paper offers a reading rapidity of up to 400 tags/s and can achieve time-saving identification up to 15�20 in comparison to the traditional DFSA. The rapid DFSA anti-collision algorithm has a number of merits such as compatibility with ISO 18000-6, better system performance and ease of implementation. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

A rapid anti-collision algorithm with class parting and optimal frames length in RFID systems

Several dynamic frame-slotted ALOHA (DFSA) methods are suggested to resolve the collision problem in radio frequency identification systems. This paper proposes a rapid DFSA-based algorithm for tags identification. The above-stated algorithm is based on adaptive class parting technique to select the optimal frames length. The selection of the best frame length is a major research factor to be used for dynamic frame slotted ALOHA algorithm. To get the best frame length in DFSA protocol, we classified the tags into the some groups. Each group of tags is determined by same prefixes. The main objectives of the new algorithm are to improve the tags identification time and to increase the reader energy efficiency. The ideal frame size has to be fixed to 2 times of the total of tags bit length if the ratio among collision-slot and empty-slot is 5. Observing the results clarifies that the algorithm in this paper offers a reading rapidity of up to 400 tags/s and can achieve time-saving identification up to 15�20 in comparison to the traditional DFSA. The rapid DFSA anti-collision algorithm has a number of merits such as compatibility with ISO 18000-6, better system performance and ease of implementation. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Design and construction of triplet atmospheric cold plasma jet for sterilization

In this paper, construction of triplet atmospheric plasma jet using argon, air, oxygen and nitrogen gases is reported. Bactericidal effect of the plasma jet is also investigated. To that end, longitudinal geometric configuration for the electrodes was chosen because it would increase the jet length. Electrical characteristics, jet length dependencies on the applied voltage and gas flow rate were decided, experimentally. Relative concentrations of chemical reactive species such as ozone, atomic oxygen, NOx compounds and hydroxyl were measured using optical emission spectroscopy. It was seen that atomic oxygen and ozone concentrations with triplet plasma jet are more than the concentration of single plasma jet. Triplet plasma jet was also used for sterilization of solid and liquid surfaces to disinfect gram-negative and gram-positive Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. The results verified the effectiveness of the triplet plasma jet for killing bacteria

Practice patterns and outcomes after stroke across countries at different economic levels (INTERSTROKE):an international observational study

Background: Stroke disproportionately affects people in low-income and middle-income countries. Although improvements in stroke care and outcomes have been reported in high-income countries, little is known about practice and outcomes in low and middle-income countries. We aimed to compare patterns of care available and their association with patient outcomes across countries at different economic levels. Methods: We studied the patterns and effect of practice variations (ie, treatments used and access to services) among participants in the INTERSTROKE study, an international observational study that enrolled 13 447 stroke patients from 142 clinical sites in 32 countries between Jan 11, 2007, and Aug 8, 2015. We supplemented patient data with a questionnaire about health-care and stroke service facilities at all participating hospitals. Using univariate and multivariate regression analyses to account for patient casemix and service clustering, we estimated the association between services available, treatments given, and patient outcomes (death or dependency) at 1 month. Findings: We obtained full information for 12 342 (92%) of 13 447 INTERSTROKE patients, from 108 hospitals in 28 countries; 2576 from 38 hospitals in ten high-income countries and 9766 from 70 hospitals in 18 low and middle-income countries. Patients in low-income and middle-income countries more often had severe strokes, intracerebral haemorrhage, poorer access to services, and used fewer investigations and treatments (p&lt;0·0001) than those in high-income countries, although only differences in patient characteristics explained the poorer clinical outcomes in low and middle-income countries. However across all countries, irrespective of economic level, access to a stroke unit was associated with improved use of investigations and treatments, access to other rehabilitation services, and improved survival without severe dependency (odds ratio [OR] 1·29; 95% CI 1·14–1·44; all p&lt;0·0001), which was independent of patient casemix characteristics and other measures of care. Use of acute antiplatelet treatment was associated with improved survival (1·39; 1·12–1·72) irrespective of other patient and service characteristics. Interpretation: Evidence-based treatments, diagnostics, and stroke units were less commonly available or used in low and middle-income countries. Access to stroke units and appropriate use of antiplatelet treatment were associated with improved recovery. Improved care and facilities in low-income and middle-income countries are essential to improve outcomes