The comparison of attentional control deficits in the three group of normal, with social anxiety disorder and with comorbidity (social anxiety disorder and depression) students of Lorestan University

Background and aims: One of the mechanisms that thought to underlie social anxiety disorder is dysfunction in attentional control. The current study was designed to compare attentional control deficits in the three group: normal, with social anxiety disorder and with comorbidity (social anxiety disorder and depression) students. Methods: The design of present study was causal-comparative. Statistical population of this study contained all normal female students, with social anxiety disorder, and with comorbidity of social anxiety disorder and depression in Lorestan University in academic years 2015-2016. With a single-stage cluster sampling method, 534 students completed the social anxiety and depression questionnaires. Then, according to the cutoff point of questionnaires, students were qualified enter the stage of clinical interview. Finally, 90 students, 30 students were selected in each group, and then performed color-word Stroop test. The results were analyzed with SPSS software, MANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Results: Results showed that between social anxiety disorder and normal groups was not significant difference in the attentional control (P<0.07), but group with comorbidity of social anxiety disorder and depression significantly have a poorer performance in the attentional control task rather than Social anxiety disorder and normal groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: People with Social anxiety disorder only when showed attentional control deficiencies, they suffering from current comorbid depression. These finding revealed in addition to helping in identifying the underlying mechanisms involved in this disorder, importance therapy attention to attentional control deficiencies when person suffering from comorbidity of social anxiety and depression

The correlation between alexithymia and anxiety, depression in asthma

Background: Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by the inability to identify and describe emotions. Only few researches have studied the correlation between alexithymia and health factors in psychosomatic disorders. This study aimed to determine the correlation between alexithymia and anxiety, depression in asthmatic patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all asthmatic patients referred to Khorram Abad medical centers. Among them 100 cases were chosen using the convenience sampling. The tools were Alexithymia Scale )TAS-20( along with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale )HADS(. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and Multivariate Regression. Results: A significant positive relationship was seen between aalexithymia, its factors and anxiety/depression. In addition, multiple multivariate regression analysis showed that difficulty in identifying feelings and describing feelings can predict the anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Findings showed that difficulty in identifying and describing emotions as two factors of Alexithymia in asthmatic patients can predict the depression and anxiety. So, considering the emotional aspects of asthma, effective approaches should be taken into account in the treatment of these patients' mental health problems

The Comparison of Neuropsychological Functions Between Opioids Abusers, Treated with Methadone and Non-Consumer Individuals

Introduction: Chronic drug use has been associated with a wide range of neuropsychological deficits. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the neuropsychological functions among three groups of opioids abusers, treated with methadone and non-user individuals. Methods: The causal-comparative research method was used in this study. The participants were selected through purposeful sampling method. 90 participants were divided into three groups; opioids abusers (n=30), treated with methadone (n=30) and non-user participants groups (n=30). All subjects were completed the Wisconsin card sorting test and self-reported mental effort scale, and their performance on these tasks was measured and evaluated by both processing efficiency and performance effectiveness. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test and SPSS software (Ver 23). Results: The results showed that in treated with methadon and opioids abusers groups, in two dimensions of performance effectiveness and efficiency of processing were meaker than the non-user group (p< 0/01). In addition, the performance effectiveness in the group of treated with methadone were better than opioids abusers (fewer preservation error) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This result that the treated with methadone participants had better performance effectiveness rather than opioids abusers group could have important implications in pathology and treatment of substance abuse. From this perspective, recognizing the underlying mechanisms that have helped to methadone users for having more effective functions, can be effective in developing of cognitive rehabilitation programs in these patients

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Parenting Educational Program on the Anxiety, Parent-Child Conflict and Parent Self-Agency in Mothers with Oppositional Defiant Disorder Children

Aims: Oppositional defiant disorder that occurs in pre-school or early school-age children and in pre-adolescent stage has a widespread impact on the child, family, teachers and society. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mindful parenting education program on reducing the anxiety and parent-child conflict and increasing the self-agency of parenting in mothers who have oppositional defiant disorder daughters. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group was performed during 2015-2016 academic year in 34 mothers of primary school girl students of Noorabad City, Iran, who were suffering from oppositional defiant disorder. The samples were selected by purposeful clustering method and were randomly divided into 2 test and control groups (each had 17 members). The research tools were Child Behavioral Logbook and Teacher Report Form, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Conflict Strategy and Parent Self-efficacy Questionnaires. Mindfulness-based parenting educational program was conducted for the experimental group one 2-hour session a week for 2 months. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23 software using MANCOVA test. Findings: The average of total anxiety, parent-child conflict and parental self-efficacy scores were higher in the experimental group in posttest. After controlling the effect of pre-test scores, there were significant differences between the test and control groups in terms of all variables (p<0.001). Conclusion: Mindfulness-based parenting educational program reduces the anxiety and parent-child conflict and increases the parental self-efficacy in mothers with oppositional defiant disorder

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Parenting Training on Anxiety, Depression and Aggression of Mothers with Children Suffering from Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Background & aim: Mothers with children suffering from Oppositional Defiant Disorder experience greater problems related to mental health including anxiety, depression and aggression. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a mindfulness-based parenting training in anxiety, depression and aggression of mothers with children suffering from Oppositional Defiant Disorder.&nbsp; Methods: The present semi-experimental study consisted of a pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population of the study included all mothers who had a female student with Oppositional defiant disorder (age group 6 to 12 years) of primary school in Nour Abad, Iran. Sampling was conducted in two stages, random and purposive. For this purpose, 34 mothers of girls with Oppositional defiant disorder after purposive sampling were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (17 in each of groups). The Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF) with clinical interviews were used for screening. Also, the anxiety and depression inventory and aggression questionnaire were used to collect data in two conditions (pretest and posttest). Mindful parenting course was implemented for the experimental group in 8 sessions, 2 hours each. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (ver. 23), descriptive statistical parameters (mean and SD) and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Results of ANCOVA indicated that the Mindful Parenting course directed to a statistically significant difference between pre-and post-test scores which led to decreasing scores of anxiety, depression and aggression. So that in the Post-stage, after controlling for pre-test scores, the experimental group reported less anxiety, depression and aggression compared to the control group. Conclusion: With regard to the effective use of Mindful Parenting course to decreasing symptom-related with anxiety, depression and aggression in mothers of girls with Oppositional defiant disorder, the training program should be directed toward reducing stress and promotion of general health in this group of people. &nbsp