Implosion of a spherical shock wave reflected from a spherical wall

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:14205138/研究代表者:中橋和博/音速近くの流れの解明と制御

An evaluation framework for future integrated energy systems:A whole energy systems approach

The energy system is undergoing a transition driven by the need of achieving the energy trilemma objectives: decarbonisation, acceptability and security. Energy systems integration connecting the power, gas, heat and transport systems, is one possible pathway to drive the transition flexibly and cost-effectively. Nevertheless, more quantified evidence on the performance of future integrated energy systems towards achieving policy objectives is still needed for decision makers to support this route. This paper first identifies the expected changes to the energy system upon integration, including new interactions and interdependencies between its components and actors. The paper then argues the need for a whole energy systems approach for the evaluation of integrated energy systems, represented by six characteristics: multidimensional, multivectoral, systemic, futuristic, systematic, and applicability. Based on the identified characteristics, the paper reviews existing evaluation frameworks for energy systems sustainability, and qualitatively appraises their adequacy for evaluating future integrated energy systems. The review concludes that existing frameworks are not capable of assessing the performance of integrated energy systems, lacking one or more of the characteristics. The paper finally presents a novel holistic evaluation framework based on the System-of-Systems approach for systems analysis coupled with an indicator-based approach for evaluation. The proposed framework demonstrates the six characteristics as it enables evaluation with respect to multiple perspectives and objectives at different system levels. Moreover, this framework captures future changes to the whole energy system architecture and highlights the interdependencies between energy systems. This framework can also be systematically applied to various scenarios in different contexts

Assessment of Schwann cell purity cultured in autologous human serum for spinal cord injury repair

Background: Purity of cultured Schwann cell is very important in patients' outcome. The purpose of this study was evaluation of cell purity in a culture without nerve growth factors and fetal bovine serum.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, for culture of human Schwann cells, nerve growth factors and fetal bovine serum were replaced by human autologous serum. Obtaining a consent from the close relative, nerve grafts were harvested and transported to processing unit where they were cultured in DMEM upon aseptic condition. Then the cultured cells were evaluated with S100 antibody staining for both morphology and purity. Results: Cell purity range was from 97 to 99 (mean=98.11±0.782). Cell count was 14055.56±2480.479 per microliter. There was not significant correlation between cell purity with either the culture period or the age of donors (P>0.05). The Spearman correlation coefficient for the cell purity with the culture period and the age of donors was -0.21 and -0.09, respectively. Conclusion: We found that the replacement of nerve growth factors and fetal bovine serum with human autologous serum improves the cultured Schwann cells for clinical use with more safety and minimum reagents

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