Introduction word: Men’s Health Journal (MHJ)

Men's health is globally a relatively new debate that has attracted academic communities from the 1990s in identifying, preventing and treating specific conditions and men's common diseases. Considering the importance of men's health in accordance to policy makers’ and scientific communities’ opinion in different countries as a result of research development, publications and scientific productions in this field, it is necessary to publish the outcome of these researches and articles.Thus, according to personal interest in the men's health and its foundation in Iran, as well as the main mission of our Research Center2 and the necessity of focusing different specialists on this issue, we decided to offer the Men's Health Journal. We hope by the participation of interested scientists and researchers in the field of Men’s health around the world, we will observe the wide contribution of different specialists who are interested in promoting men’s health in the world

Incidence of Penile Fracture in Iran, a Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Penile fracture is a urological emergency requiring proper diagnosis and treatment. Limited studies conducted in Iran have reported high prevalence of this problem (9.9 per 100,000 male population). In this study, we also examined the causes and symptoms, as well as the type of treatment physicians choose so that in the future, we can use this data to educate physicians and other people in the community about this disease. Methods: First, all urologists across the country were contacted and informed about the project. Then, from February 2017 to February 2018, a pre-prepared questionnaire containing the required information was sent to them and they were asked to complete and send this questionnaire in case of a penile fracture. Then, every two weeks, we reconnected all urologists in different ways (email, phone call, virtual networks, etc.) and collected relevant data. Finally, all data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19.  Results: The incidence of penile fractures was estimated to be 2.5 per 100,000 men (from 0.38 in the age range of 69-60 years to 3.9 in the age range of 39-30 years). The most common causes of penile fractures were sexual intercourse (64.8%), followed by non-sexual trauma (16.9%) and masturbation (13.3%). Pain, edema and discoloration of the penis were the most common symptoms at the time of admission (83.6%) and most patients (84%) had referred to a physician within the first 24 hours after the accident. 78.9% of urologists believed in emergency surgical treatment, while 20.3% believed in delayed surgical treatment and 0.7% believed in supportive treatment. Conclusion: Because of the cultural diversity of Iran, the rate of penile fracture is very different in different parts of Iran, but its rate is much lower than previous studies

Relationship between Dairy Product Consumption and Oligospermia; a Case-Control Study

Introduction: Infertility affects an estimated 15% of couples globally and in Iran, a quarter of Introduction: One of the current debates regarding men’s reproductive health is the declining sperm count and the role of nutritional and environmental factors. This study aims to investigate the association between dairy product consumption and oligozoospermia, sperm count of 5 to 15 million per milliliter of semen, in adult men.Materials and Methods: This age-matched case-control study was conducted on 102 oligozoospermia and 306 healthy men (control group). Both groups were recruited from an infertility clinic in Tehran, the Royan Institute. Dietary intake of subjects was collected using a valid and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR), ex-tracted from conditional logistic regression, were used to compare the occurrence of oligozoospermia by tertiles of dairy intake. Results: After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the high intake of low-fat dairy products was inversely associated with the risk of oligozoospermia (OR: 0.48; 95%CI: 0.24 – 0.95), (P =0.046). The higher intake of high–fat dairy products [(OR: 2.44; 95%CI: 1.26 – 4.73), (P =0.008)], high–fat milk [(OR: 2.16; 95%CI: 1.09 – 4.30), (P =0.043)], and ice creams [(OR: 2.37; 95%CI: 1.25 – 4.50), (P =0.008)] were also positively associated with oligozo-ospermia.Conclusion: The high intake of low–fat dairy foods seems to have a protective effect on oligozoospermia. Higher intake of high – fat dairy products, high– fat milk, and ice creams were associated with an increased risk of oligozo-ospermia.

Gene Polymormisms and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review

Introduction: The prostate is a gland that surrounds men's urethra and helps to produce semen. In developed countries, prostate cancer (PCa.) is the second most common and lethal disease in men. Hereditary history of PCa. is a major contributor to this cancer? While a number of genetic and molecular changes have been reported in PCa, the general picture of the genetic aberrations is needed in Iranian population.Methods: In this study, a literature search from Jan. 2000 to June 2018 was performed through the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, IranMedex, MEDLIB, IranDoc and Scientific Information databases using the keywords “genetic polymorphisms”, “prostate cancer”, “Iranian, and compare with regional and international population”.Results: The results revealed that several genome-wide association studies (such as rs2070744 and rs1799983 in the eNOS, rs243865 in the MMP2, rs1902023 in the UGT2B15, rs266882 in the PSA, rs10625775443 in the GNB3, rs 1800682 in the FAS, rs12052398 and rs13393577 in the ERBB4, rs181133 in the MTHFR, rs 1805087 in the MTR, rs1805355 in the MSH3, (rs60271534 in the CYP19, rs2234693 and rs9340799 in the ER-a, rs4986938 and rs1256049 in the ER-b) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in important pathways (such as angiogenesis, androgen receptor binding site, cell signaling, folate metabolism, DNA repair, hormone synthesis and metabolism polymorphisms ) involved in prostate cancer occurrence and mechanism could serve as candidate biomarkers for the detection of PCa. The most important results of the all studied articles is summarized in Table 1 and 2.Conclusion: Several studies have been conducted on the family history of PCa. The main reason for this gathering is to inherit the involved genes. Additional studies are required to decipher precisely the gene combinations and personalize the management of prostate cancer. This article is the first comprehensive overview of genetic investigations of gene polymorphisms on PCa. in Iran.

Adult Posterior Urethral Valve: a Case Report of the Oldest Known Patient

A posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a congenital obstructive defect of the male urethra, and sometimes maybe life threatening. The diagnosis of PUV is usually made early because of its symptoms and has rarely been diagnosed in adults for the first time in life. Here we report a rare case of an adult PUV in a 67 year-old man with 40 years history of urinary obstruction complaints with coincidence type 1 and 2 of PUV who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder neck and valve ablation. After 6 months follow-up, no evidence of urinary obstruction observed

Satisfaction of Patients after Urethral Reconstruction

Introduction: Urethroplasty is one of the most common and important reconstructive procedures in the field of urology. In order to improve patient’s condition, medical man needs to be acquainted with this technique.  We aimed to evaluate quality of life and satisfaction of patients with Urethroplasty in the reconstructive urology department of Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, during 1995-2016. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort. Sampling was done by census method. The patients' demographic information, cause and duration of urethral stricture, type and frequency of procedures, daily fluid intake, urinary obstruction symptoms, the quality of marital relations, and the quality of life of patients before and after the surgery, were evaluated.  Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.6 years. 46.4% of the patients had moderate and more than moderate marital satisfaction after surgery, while this preoperative satisfaction was 48.2% (P>0.05). Patients' quality of work life and job satisfaction was significantly higher than before surgery (P=0.05). In 90.3% of the patients, urination status had no or little negative impact on their daily life after surgery. Also, 86.9% of the patients did not have weak urinary flow during follow-up. 88% of the patients were satisfied with the outcome of their surgery. Patients' satisfaction with their physical health after surgery was 82.1%. Conclusion: In general, it is inferred that Urethroplasty is associated with a high success rate and patient satisfaction, and also improves their quality of life

Efficacy of DVIU and intralesional injection of mitomycin C in the treatment of bulbar urethral stricture

Background and aim: To find if intra-operative local injection of Mitomycin-C after internal Urethrotomy in patients with urethral stricture can improve the outcome of surgery.Materials and Methods: Seventy patients were allocated in two groups randomly and data were analyzed. The case group (n=35) was treated by internal Urethrotomy with intra-operative local injection of Mitomycin-C. The control group (n=35) was underwent standard internal Urethrotomy. The patients were followed after removing catheter and for 6 months after surgery by USS PROM questionnaire and uroflowmetry.Results: A significant difference was observed in terms of urodynamic indices like Q-max (p-value=0.006) and urine flow pattern (p-value=0.025) after internal Urethrotomy in the local injection of Mitomycin-C group and control group, six months after surgery. In the case group, in the six months after operation, only 2.9% of patients had Q-max less than 15 and no one had obstructive pattern, while in the control group, 25.7% of patients had Q- max less than 15 and 17.1% had obstructive pattern. However, the patient's satisfaction history did not show any significant difference in post-internal Urethrotomy voiding status in the local injection of Mitomycin-C group and control group, either immediately after removal of the urethral catheter (p-value=1) and six months after surgery (p-value=0.198). Also, no significant difference was observed in terms of urodynamic indices like Q-max (p-value=0.771) and urine flow pattern (p-value=1) after internal Urethrotomy in the local injection of Mitomycin-C group and control group, immediately after removal of the urethral catheter.Conclusions: Intra-operative local injection of Mitomycin-C after internal Urethrotomy can be regarded as a safe and efficient technique which has several advantages including lower cost. Lower recurrence rate of urethral stricture is the main effect of local Mitomycin-C application that is more prominent after six months follow up

The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Iranian Men; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

Introduction: Overweight and obesity is one of the most common diseases worldwide that is less considered in men. In this regard scattered studies have been conducted in Iran, and our aim was to systematically study the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iranian men. Methods: Major international databases including: Scopus and PubMed, and Web of Science and national databases including Magiran and SID were searched for articles in Persian and English which were published from August 10, 2010 to August 10, 2020. Qualitative evaluation of the studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist (NOS). Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence by STATA software version 14.2 with significance level of 0.05. Results: Overall, 52 studies with a total sample size of 120,440 men with age range of 20-77 years were included in this systematic review. Most studies were conducted in 2017 and almost all of them were in Tehran province. The pooled prevalence of overweight was 46% (95% CI: 46, 46) in men. The lowest prevalence of overweight was 11.1% in Fars and the highest was 57% in Tabriz. The pooled prevalence of obesity in men was 18% (95% CI: 18, 19) with the highest prevalence in Birjand (46.5%) and the lowest in Tehran (0.8%). Conclusion: Our results showed a variety of tools for measuring overweight and obesity in Iran. Based on the BMI index, we found that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was substantial among Iranian men. There seems to be an urgent need for health policy makers to develop and implement proper preventive strategies in order to control this public health problem and its serious health consequences among men, especially in the workplace

Developing a Health Marketing Model to Foster a Culture of Timely Prostate Cancer Prevention

Introduction: Prostate cancer poses a significant global public health concern for men. Despite advancements in medical knowledge and screening techniques, a considerable number of prostate cancer cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to compromised treatment outcomes and increased mortality rates. This study aimed to develop and introduce a model focused on preventing prostate cancer in men. Methods: This mixed-methods study comprises two phases. In the initial phase, grounded theory was employed to identify and define the influential factors based on the prospectives of both experts and patients. The data were continuously analyzed during data collection using the Strauss & Corbin method (1998) encompassing open, axial, and selective coding. Subsequently, a systematic review and a qualitative study were conducted and the data were integrated to develop a cohesive model. Results: In the qualitative phase, axial coding yielded three axial subcategories: “Underlying factors”, “Causal conditions”, and “Intervening factors”. All extracted categories and codes were linked to the causal, background, intervention factors, strategies, and consequences adopting an approach focused on fostering a culture of timely prostate cancer prevention. A systematic review generated a final scale of 23 questions organized into four subscales: “Life conditions”, “Physical problems”, “Mental injuries”, and “Efficiency of hospitals” developed by the researcher in the second step. All steps of validity and reliability were undertaken. Following the integration of results from the systematic review and qualitative study (phases 1 and 2), the current research model measures the relationships between several latent variables (the primary variables of the research). Simultaneously, structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Conclusion: The developed study model is validated and reliable, encompassing all the factors influencing prostate cancer prevention in men. Tailored to our context, this model was developed to prevent prostate cancer in men. Further testing in diverse societies is recommended

Serum Resistin levels in bladder cancer

Background: Adipokines play a role in pathogenesis and progression of certain cancers. Resistin is an adipokine with diverse findings in disease development and progression. The present study aimed to determine Resistin serum levels in bladder cancer cases in order to identify novel tumor markers.Methods: This research was based on a case-control study, including 45 patients with bladder cancer and 45 healthy controls. Resistin levels were measured by ELISA in both groups. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (kg/m2) was calculated.Results: Resistin levels were significantly different between bladder cancer and the control group (p<0.0001) but Resistin levels in different stages were not significantly different. Also there was no correlation among sex, age, body mass index and the serum Resistin levels.Conclusions: These results suggest that changes in serum Resistin levels play an important role in the diagnosis and could act as a biomarkers for bladder cancer.