The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life in patients with orthopedic problems

Background: Bone and joint diseases have an effect on the clinical situation, high-quality of existence (QOL), and its dimensions of incapacity, causing supercharges for distinctive countries. This examine become aimed to assess the impact of acceptance and commitment therapy on QOL in orthopedic sufferers. Methods: This reading became a quasi-experimental performed as a parallel layout with pre-test and post-test. Patients stated the Promised Physiotherapy center in Mashhad decided on and had been randomly assigned to experimental (n = 12) and manipulate agencies (n = 12). The experimental organization acquired 8 weekly classes for three months, at the same time as the management organization did not receive any intervention. Statistics had been acquired by a standard QOL questionnaire and then records examine turned into finished the use of SPSS software version 25 and multivariate evaluation of covariance. Results: The average age inside the investigational agencies changed into 31.75 ± 4.71 years within the manage companies became 29.83 ± 5.27 years. Also, the common disorder timespan of the experimental organizations and manipulated businesses have been 5.64 ± 5.28 and 5.62 ± 5.81, correspondingly. The common post-test ratings of the experimental companies compared to the pre-test showed growth in subscales of QOL, however, the control agencies did no longer show such an alteration inside the post-test averages. (P-value = 0.0001) Conclusion: the use of acceptance and commitment remedy as an effective and complementary psychological intervention in enhancing the QOL in orthopedic sufferers is usually recommended

Spatial analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators of housing in urban areas with sustainable housing approach (Case study: Zanjan city)

Objective: In a world that is rapidly urbanizing and changing, Sustainable Housing Strategy Considering the negative impacts of urban growth is proposed solutions to minimize urban challenges, especially in relation to housing.This research has investigated the sustainability of housing indicators through quantitative and qualitative method in urban areas by sustainable housing approach Methods: The present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of collecting documentary-library information is such as the general census of population and housing in 2016 and the detailed plan for 2016. To analyze and analyze the Arc Catalog software for data preparation, the network analysis process model was used to weigh the criteria, and the Todim model and the Moran model were used to measure the stability of quantitative and qualitative housing indicators. Results:Research findings show, district 5 in region 3‌ (Niksazan, Valiasr, Zafaranieh, Shahryar, Mirdamad, Manzarieh, Laleh, Baharestan, Ansarieh) in terms of housing indicators is very stable. But the district 4‌in region‌6‌(Golshahr Kazemieh) and other low and middle-income regions areas such as district‌3‌in region‌1‌(Islam Abad), district 5 in region 2‌(Bisim), district 2‌in region‌1 (Fatemieh, Shohada, Golgek Abad) are low stable. Totally, ‌27.5% of houses are very stable, ‌16.1% have low stability, ‌21.3% have a moderate stability, 11.6% have a high stability, and‌23.5% are very stable, which shows the instability of housing in all‌25 districts of Zanjan City. ‌Also, the findings of the Moran Index shows that the spatial distribution of sustainability of quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in‌25 districts of Zanjan City has a cluster pattern, Indicates a clear gap in terms of the sustainability of quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Zanjan‌25 districts Conclusion: Therefore, in order to take the necessary measures to reduce spatial inequalities in the quality and quantity of housing in Zanjan city areas, it seems necessary to develop a codified program based on spatial justice to reduce its inequalities

A Psychometric Study of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development in Persian Language Children

How to Cite This Article: Azari. N, Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Sajedi F, Shahshahani S, Karimi H, Kraskian A, Shahrokhi A, Teymouri R, Gharib M. A Psychometric Study of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development in Persian Language Children. Iran J Child Neurol. Winter 2017; 11(1):50-56.AbstractObjectiveBayley Scales of infant & toddler development is a well-known diagnostic developmental assessment tool for children aged 1–42 months. Our aim was investigating the validity & reliability of this scale in Persian speaking children.Materials & MethodsThe method was descriptive-analytic. Translation- back translation and cultural adaptation was done. Content & face validity of translated scale was determined by experts’ opinions. Overall, 403 children aged 1 to 42 months were recruited from health centers of Tehran, Iran during years of 2013- 2014 for developmental assessment in cognitive, communicative (receptive & expressive) and motor (fine & gross) domains. Reliability of scale was calculated through three methods; internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, test-retest and interrater methods. Construct validity was calculated using factor analysis and comparison of the mean scores methods.ResultsCultural and linguistic changes were made in items of all domains especially on communication subscale. Content and face validity of the test were approved by experts’ opinions. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was above 0.74 in all domains.Pearson correlation coefficient in various domains, were ≥ 0.982 in test retest method, and ≥0.993 in inter-rater method. Construct validity of the test was approved by factor analysis. Moreover, the mean scores for the different age groups were compared and statistically significant differences were observed between mean scores of different age groups, that confirms validity of the test.ConclusionThe Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development is a valid and reliable tool for child developmental assessment in Persian language children.References1. Boyle CA, Boulet S, Schieve LA, Cohen RA, Blumberg SJ, Yeargin-Allsopp M, et al. Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children, 1997–2008. Pediatrics 2011:peds. 2010-989.2. Sajedi F, Doulabi MA, Vameghi R, Baghban AA, Mazaheri MA, Mahmodi Z, et al. Development of Children in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Glob J Health Sci 2015 Dec 18;8(8):51251.3. Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Biglarian A, Rahgozar M. Prevalence of motor developmental disorders in children in Alborz Province, Iran in 2010. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014 Dec 25;16(12):e16711.4. Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Biglarian A. Antenatal and Intrapartum Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy in Term and Near-term Newborns. Arch Iran Med 2013;16(4): 213 – 216.5. Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Biglarian A, Daneshmandan N : Risk factors Associated with Cerebral Palsy in Children Born in Eastern and Northern Districts of Tehran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2010; 12 (4):428-432.6. Fischer VJ, Morris J, Martines J. Developmental Screening Tools: Feasibility of Use at Primary Healthcare Level in Low-and Middle-income Settings. J Health Popul Nutr 2014 Jun;32(2):314-26.7. Blauw-Hospers CH, Hadders-Algra M. A systematic review of the effects of early intervention on motor development. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005 Jun;47(6):421-32. 8. Nordhov SM, Ronning JA, Dahl LB, Ulvund SE, Tunby J, Kaaresen PI. Early intervention improves cognitive outcomes for preterm infants: randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2010 Nov;126(5):e1088-94.9. Bailey DB, Jr., Hebbeler K, Scarborough A, Spiker D, Mallik S. First experiences with early intervention: a national perspective. Pediatrics 2004 Apr;113(4):887-96.10. Raju TN, Higgins RD, Stark AR, Leveno KJ. Optimizing care and outcome for late-preterm (near-term) infants: a summary of the workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Pediatrics 2006;118(3):1207-14.11. First LR, Palfrey JS. The infant or young child with developmental delay. N Engl J Med 1994 Feb 17;330(7):478-83.12. Dobrez D, Sasso AL, Holl J, Shalowitz M, Leon S, Budetti P. Estimating the cost of developmental and behavioral screening of preschool children in general pediatric practice. Pediatric 2001;108(4):913-22.13. Torras-Mana M, Guillamon-Valenzuela M, Ramirez-Mallafre A, Brun-Gasca C, Fornieles-Deu A. Usefulness of the Bayley scales of infant and toddler development, third edition, in the early diagnosis of language disorder. Psicothema 2014;26(3):349-56.14. Gladstone M, Lancaster GA, Jones A, Maleta K, Mtitimila E, Ashorn P, et al. Can Western developmental screening tools be modified for use in a rural Malawian setting? Arch Dis Child. 2008 Jan;93(1):23-9.15. Lipkin PH, Cartwright JD, Desch LW, Duby JC, Elias ER, Johnson CP, et al. Role of the medical home in family-centered early intervention services. Pediatrics 2007;120(5):1153-8.16. Johnson S, Marlow N. Developmental screen or developmental testing? Early Hum Dev 2006 Mar;82(3):173-83.17. Vameghi R, Sajedi F, Kraskian Mojembari A, Habiollahi A, Lornezhad HR, Delavar B. Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validation and Standardization of Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) in Iranian Children. Iran J Public Health 2013 May 1;42(5):522-8.18. Shahshahani S, Vameghi R, Azari N, Sajedi F, Kazemnejad A. Validity and Reliability Determination of Denver Developmental Screening Test-II in 0-6 Year-Olds in Tehran. Iran J Pediatr 2010 Sep;20(3):313-22.19. Abubakar A, Holding P, Van Baar A, Newton C, van de Vijver FJ. Monitoring psychomotor development in a resourcelimited setting: an evaluation of the Kilifi Developmental Inventory. Ann Trop Paediatr 2008 Sep;28(3):217-26.20. Harris SR, Megens AM, Backman CL, Hayes VE. Stability of the Bayley II Scales of Infant Development in a sample of low-risk and high-risk infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005 Dec;47(12):820-3.21. Albers CA, Grieve AJ. Review of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. J Psychoeduc Assess 2007 Jun;25(2):180-190. DOI: 10.1177/0734282906297199. 22. Godamunne P, Liyanage C, Wimaladharmasooriya N, Pathmeswaran A, Wickremasinghe AR, Patterson C, et al. Comparison of performance of Sri Lankan and US children on cognitive and motor scales of the Bayley scales of infant development. BMC Res Notes 2014 May 16;7:300.23. Deroma L, Bin M, Tognin V, Rosolen V, Valent F, Barbone F, et al. [Interrater reliability of the Bayley III test in the Italian Northern-Adriatic Cohort II]. Epidemiol Prev 2013 Jul-Oct;37(4-5):297-302.24. Zakaria S, Seok CB, Sombuling A, Ahmad MS, Hashmi SI. Reliability and Validity for Malay Version of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-(Bayley- III): Preliminary Study. International Proceedings of Economics Development & Research 2012;40. 25. Yu YT, Hsieh WS, Hsu CH, Chen LC, Lee WT, Chiu NC, et al. A psychometric study of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - 3rd Edition for term and preterm Taiwanese infants. Res Dev Disabil 2013 Nov;34(11):3875-83.26. Acton BV, Biggs WS, Creighton DE, Penner KA, Switzer HN, Thomas JHP, et al. Overestimating neurodevelopment using the Bayley-III after early complex cardiac surgery. Pediatrics 2011 Oct;128(4):e794-800.27. Anderson PJ, De Luca CR, Hutchinson E, Roberts G, Doyle LW. Underestimation of developmental delay by the new Bayley-III Scale. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010 Apr;164(4):352-6.28. Campbell SK, Zawacki L, Rankin KM, Yoder JC, Shapiro N, Li Z, et al. Concurrent validity of the TIMP and the Bayley III scales at 6 weeks corrected age. Pediatr Phys Ther 2013 Winter;25(4):395-401.29. Visser L, Ruiter SAJ, Van der Meulen BF, Ruijssenaars WAJJM, Timmerman ME. Validity and suitability of the Bayley-III Low Motor/Vision version: A comparative study among young children with and without motor and/or visual impairments. Res Dev Disabil 2013 Nov;34(11):3736-45.30. Soleimani F, Azari N, Vameghi R, Sajedi F, Shahshahani S, Karimi H, Kraskian A, Shahrokhi A, Teymouri R, Gharib M. Is the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Developmental Screening Test, valid and reliable for Persian speaking children? Iran J Pediatr 2016 October; 26(5):83-90

A Comparison Study of the Tehran Norms to the Reference Norms on Children Performance of the Bayley III

Objectives The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley III) assess cognitive, language, and motor development of children aged 1–42 months, and have been widely used globally. It is unclear whether or not the reference norms of the Bayley III are acceptable for use in other populations or lead to over or under-estimating development. The purpose of this study was to estimate the distribution of the Bayley scores by age in Persian speaking children and to compare the norms between Persian and reference norms. Materials & Methods We constructed Bayley III norms for cognitive, language, and motor scales using 1,674 typically developing children by consecutive sampling from health care centers. First cut-off point was determined, and then the scaled scores, based on Persian speaking and reference norms, were compared. The proportions of children with low scores (scoring less than -1SD and -2 SD) based on the two norms were compared, to identify over or under-referral for developmental delay resulting from reference norms. Results Scaled scores based on Persian norms varied across values based on reference norms on all subtests. The mean differences were significant across all five sub-tests (p < .05), with large effect sizes for receptive and expressive communication, fine and gross motor sub-tests of .20, .23, .14, and .25 respectively, and with small effect size for cognition sub-test of .02. Large effect sizes for all age groups were found for cognition, expressive communication, and fine motor sub-tests. For the receptive communication sub-test, effect sizes were generally large, with the exception of four age groups. For the gross motor sub-test, effect sizes were generally large, with the exception of six age groups. More children scored below 1 and 2 SD using the Persian norms and resulted in under-referral regarding cognitive, receptive and expressive communication, fine and gross motor skills. Conclusion The Persian norms differ from the reference norms for all sub-tests and these differences are clinically significant. The use of the reference norms leads to fewer referrals in all sub-scales and leads to fewer diagnoses of children with developmental delay. Population specific norms are required to identify children with low scores for referral and intervention

Spatial analysis of road network vulnerability against earthquake with Approach Crisis Management (The Case of Zanjan Downtown)

Urban passageways, as one of the important physical elements of the city, have a significant role in the vulnerability, so that if blocked, they may increase the damage and damage many times before and after the earthquake; Issues and disruptions have led to disaster management as an approach to reduce the vulnerability to natural hazards, especially earthquakes in cities, so it is important to examine the network because of its close relationship with other land uses. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial network vulnerability of passages to reduce its vulnerability to earthquakes in the central part of Zanjan city. In this regard, the present study, using the descriptive-analytical method, using statistical blocks data set of 2016, detailed plan of 2015 and referees' views, compiled comprehensive indicators and analyzed for AHP model in ArcGIS environment and finally by combining criteria and Fuzzy Logic Generation Layers has analyzed the vulnerability of an urban road network to earthquakes. The findings show that the high burnout of the buildings in the passage walls, high population density, and a high degree of confinement has made the central part of Zanjan city highly vulnerable to possible earthquakes. The total area of the study area was 82 hectares, 9.2 hectares of high vulnerability, 20.4 hectares of high vulnerability, 25.4 hectares of moderate vulnerability, and 11.5 hectares of low vulnerability and 15.5 hectares of 29 hectares. They are very vulnerable and very vulnerable. Finally, it can be stated that the most important factors of the passage network in the central part of Zanjan are: exhaustion of passage wall texture, high density of passage-related population, and a high degree of blockage of passages

Effect of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extract in antioxidant status and intestinal morphology of pulmonary hypertensive chickens

Abstract Objectives The effects of dietary sage on the growth performance, antioxidant status, intestinal mucosa morphology, and pulmonary hypertensive response were investigated in broiler chickens with pulmonary hypertension. Methods Chicks (Ross 308) were reared under cold stress for 35 days and treated with 0.05% vitamin C (positive control) and 0 (control), 0.1 or 0.2% sage extracts, then performance, oxidant and antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology were evaluated. Results The index of pulmonary hypertension (RV:TV) was decreased, and weight gain (days 22–35) was increased in all treatments (except for sage 0.1%) compared with control (P < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation was decreased, whereas the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPX, CAT, and SOD) was increased in the sage 0.2% group compared with control (P < 0.05). In the lung, SOD, CAT, and GPX transcripts were decreased in the sage 0.2% group compared with control (P < 0.05). In the right ventricle of the heart, SOD and CAT transcripts were increased in the sage 0.2% group compared with other groups of chickens, whereas GPX transcript was decreased (P < 0.05). The jejunal villus length in the chickens fed sage was significantly lower than in control (P < 0.05). The ileal villus width, villus surface area, and lamina proporia thickness in the chickens fed sage (0.2%) were increased compared with control (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary supplementation of sage (0.2%) could modulate pulmonary hypertensive response, improve antioxidant status (enzymatic activity), intestinal morphometry, and absorptive surface in the broiler chickens

Effect of collagen hydrogel containing Lavandula officinalis essential oil nanoemulsion in wound healing of infectious burn

Background and Objectives: The main cause of mortality in burn patients is infection from burns. Drug-resistant bacteria are the main causes of wound infection, so alternative antibiotic therapies hold significant importance. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a collagen hydrogel that contains a nanoemulsion of Lavandula essential oil on the healing process of infected burn wounds. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 20 rats were randomly divided after applying burns with a 10 mm diameter hot plate and infecting the wounds with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa into four groups, including a positive control, a negative control, the first experiment (collagen hydrogel), and the second experiment (collagen hydrogel containing Lavandula essential oil nanoemulsion). On the 4th, 11th, and 18th days, tissue samples were taken for pathology studies. The important parameters in burn wound healing with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining methods were investigated and scored according to Abramov’s method. Results: Based on the pathology findings, experimental groups 1 and 2 compared to the negative and positive control groups were effective in rat infection wound healing. The hydrogel scaffold in the experimental groups increased fibroblasts and angiogenesis compared to the control groups. Epithelization was noticed only in the hydrogel group containing nanoemulsion. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the use of collagen hydrogel with Lavandula essential oil nanoemulsion has potential as a wound dressing. This is because it has the potential to effectively promote healing and act as an antibacterial agent to prevent infections

Effects of dietary oxidized fish oil on thyroid hormones in Sturgeon hybrid

Fish oil in the diet of fish is constantly at the risk of oxidation. In this study, the effects of feeding sturgeon hybrid (Huso huso ♂ ×Acipenser ruthenus ♀) with different levels of oxidized fish oil (OFO) on thyroid hormones were investigated. Three experimental diets were made by replacing 0 (control), 50 and 100% OFO were made. Ninety hybrid sturgeon, with the initial weights of 212.6 ± 07g were distributed in 9 fiberglass tanks (2 m3) randomly after 2 weeks of adaptation with experimental conditions. Feeding was performed three times daily (08:00, 14:00 and 20:00) for 6 weeks for satisfaction. At the end of the period, blood samples were taken and their serum was separated. Serum thyroxine and triiodotyronine were measured by radioimmunoassay in blood samples. Serum thyroxine, triiodotyronine and thyroxine/triiodotyronine level showed no significant change related to dietary OFO. Our findings showed that dietary-oxidized oil had no effect on blood thyroid hormones levels

Determination of validity and reliability of the Bayley scales in infant and toddler development

Introduction: For diagnosing children who are suspected to have developmental delay through developmental screening tests, we need a valid and reliable diagnostic tool. The Bayley scales is a well-known diagnostic developmental assessment on cognitive, communication and motor domains. The aim of this study was validity and reliability determination of the Bayley test. Materials and Methods: The method of this study was descriptive-analytic. The test was provided through translation- back translation and cultural adaptation. Content and face validity of tool was determined by experts&rsquo; opinions. 260 children aged 1 to 42 months were recruited for developmental assessment by Bayley. Reliability of test was calculated through three methods; internal consistency, test-retest and inter-rater. Construct validity was calculated using factor analysis and comparison of the mean scores methods. Results: Participants were 260 children 15 days to 42 months, including 134 boys (51.5%). Cranach&rsquo;s alpha coefficients were more than 0.76 for all domains. Pearson correlation coefficient in different domains, were at least 0.987 (P< 0.001) in test retest method; and 0.991 (P<0.001) in inter-rater method. The face and content validity of test was approved by experts in child development. Construct validity of test was approved through factor analysis and statistically significant differences were observed between mean scores of different age groups, that confirms the validity of test. Conclusion: These results indicated that the Bayley is a valid and reliable tool for developmental assessment in Persian children

Is the Bayley screening test norms appropriate for Persian language children?

Objective: To evaluate the distribution of the Bayley screening test scores by age, in Persian children and compare developmental risk categories distributions between Persian and reference norms.Materials &amp; Methods: A representative sample of 417, 1 to 42-months-old, typically developing children by consecutive sampling from health -care centers recruited, during the 2014 to 2015 in Tehran city.  The Bayley measures children’s cognitive, receptive and expressive communication, fine and gross motor skills. For determining cut points for the subtest scores, two cuts points were determined for each age group, dividing scores into the three bands that identify the at risk, emerging (between the 2nd and 25th percentiles), and competent categories. We estimated the agreement between the distributions of the risk categories between the two samples using weighted kappa statistics.Results: The comparison of neurodevelopmental classification of children based on two norms determined that; approximately 70-80% of all tests administered to the participating children were classified as normal by both norms. Weighted kappa coefficients for the five subtests ranged from 0.56 to 0.89 suggesting moderate agreement between the classification using the reference and Persian norms. Expressive and receptive communication subtests had the lowest kappa scores (0.56 and 0.59, respectively), and classification of gross motor demonstrated the highest level of agreement (0.89). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that reliance on reference -based norms for the Bayley test in Persian children results in misclassification of developmental delay