Investigating the Effect of Various Fillers on Cohesive Failure Mechanism in Asphalt Mixtures

In the current research attempts have been made to investigate the effect of various fillers on the resistance to mastic failure using mechanical and thermodynamic methods. Two types of granite and limestone aggregates with acidic and basic characteristics were used, respectively. Besides, four types of filler including calcium carbonate, hydrated lime, Portland cement and stone powder and two types asphalt binder PEN 60-70 and PEN 85-100 were used. Calcium carbonate and hydrated lime had the most effect and Portland cement and stone powder had the least effect on strength reduction. In addition, the results obtained by modified Lottman test showed that the use of hydrated lime and calcium carbonate increased resistance to moisture damage. The results of correlation coefficients show the necessity of using the effect of filler on cohesion free energy calculation in the surface free energy to investigate cohesion failure in different asphalt mixtures

Quantity and quality of solid wastes produced in dental offices of babol city

Introduction: Dental wastes due to having bacterial disease-causing agents and toxic chemicals are categorized in hazardous wastes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantity and composition of dental waste produced by general and specialized dental offices in babol city. Materials &Methods: From all dental offices (170 and 40 dental offices were related to general and specialized respectively) in babol city, 20 general and 5 specialized offices were randomly selected. Waste samples were collected three times a week (Sunday, Monday and Tuesday), 50 sub-groups were separated and weighted by a digital scale with accuracy of 0.01 gram. The data were presented by excel and word software in figures and tables. Results: The total wastes of general and specialized offices were 11829 and 2831.5 kg/year, respectively. The percentages of domestic-type, infectious, pharmaceutical and toxic wastes in general dental offices were 52.5%, 42.5%, 4.7% and 0.3%; and in specialized offices were 42.5%, 50%, 7% and 0.5%, respectively. Most components in a variety of dental waste included plastic, paper, plaster molds, glass and metal. Conclusion: Due to the large contents of plastic, paper, plaster molds, glass and metals in domestic- type and infectious wastes produced in the general and specialized dental offices, it is necessary to manage the wastes and their separation and recycling in source place

Geohazards analysis of Pisa tunnel in a fractured incompetent rocks in Zagros Mountains, Iran.

The Pisa 2 tunnel with 740 m in length and 20° N trend is located along the Kazerun fault zone in Simply Folded Belt of Zagros, Iran. This tunnel has been excavated in the fractured incompetent marl layers with high expansive pressure of up to 2 kg/cm2. In this study, the geological hazards along the tunnel have been recognized and categorized. This study revealed that, in the long-term usage of the tunnel, the lining did not endure against the loading and the secondary leakages. It is mainly attributed due to the non-efficiencies of drainage and isolation systems in the tunnel site. Therefore, it caused asphalt damage, drainage damage, and wall distortion. FLAC3D software has been used in this research. We conducted various analyses for pre-excavation stress states, syn-excavation, and post-excavation strain states. The results showed no indication of instability and critical deformations during the excavation time. It also revealed that due to the non-efficiencies of drainage and isolation systems against secondary leakages and consequently marl expansion, the volumetric and shear strains (i.e., expansions and displacements) have exceeded from the critical states of strain along the tunnel. For various remedy purpose, this paper attempted several measures that can be taken in order to modify the drainage and isolation systems along the tunnel area. The reconstruction of drainage systems with suitable reinforced concrete and adequate slope has been proposed. The width of channel and isolation of backside of lining and implementation of multi-order outlets (i.e., backside of lining) for draining of groundwater into where the main drainage systems are located in the tunnel gallery were suggested

Analysis of avalanche effect on advance encryption standard by using dynamic S-Box depends on rounds keys

Substitution table or S-Box is the major core of AES algorithm and it is used to provide confusion capability for AES. The aim of this paper is to design dynamic S-Box which depends on rounds keys for encryption in AES-128. The parameters of the dynamic S-Box have features equivalent to those in the normal algorithm AES. Static S-Box allows attackers to study S-Box and discover weak issues while by using dynamic S-Box approach, it makes difficult and more complex for attacker to do any offline study of an attack of one particular set of S- boxes. Both algorithms are implemented with MATLAB and also, input and output for data collection is hexadecimal format. the proposed AES is compared with normal AES in term of security analysis by avalanche effect test, and it is compared simulation times between two algorithms

Metabolic evaluation in patients with nephrolithiasis: A report from Isfahan, Iran

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a major public health problem worldwide. In recent years, growing evidence suggest that this disease may originate from underlying metabolic disorders. This is the first study that reports the frequency of different metabolic abnormalities among patients with nephrolithiasis in Isfahan, a large central province of Iran. Materials and Methods: From the time period between March 2009 and August 2010, 437 nephrolithiasis patients in Isfahan province enrolled in this study. Metabolic evaluation was performed by obtaining a 24-hours urine sample and fasting venous blood draw. We analyzed urine samples for volume, creatinine, calcium, citrate, oxalate, uric acid, sodium, and cystine. Fasting blood samples were assessed for serum calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, uric acid, albumin, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Results: The mean age was 46 ± 13.8 years (rang: 18-87). Nearly 50% were first time stone formers. The most common metabolic abnormalities were hypocitraturia (40.5%) and hypernatriuria (31.8%) that was followed by hyperoxaluria (28.8%). Hypercalciuria was detected only in 9.2% of the cases. Conclusion: Although, high calcium excretion was the most frequent metabolic derangement in several similar studies, in our province with considerably high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, it is not frequent among nephrolithiasis patients. Instead, other metabolic risk factors were in higher frequencies