2 research outputs found
Antibacterial Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Pennyroyal, Cinnamon and Rhubarb on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus: An In-vitro Study
Background: Medicinal plants have been used for many different purposes in the past. These plants may produce antimicrobial metabolites that affect the natural growth of microorganisms. The aim of this research was to study the antibacterial properties of rhubarb, cinnamon and pennyroyal on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of pennyroyal, cinnamon and rhubarb on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae was investigated after their collection and extraction process. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of this extract on bacteria were also measured.
Results: The MIC of hydro alcoholic extract of pennyroyal was above 400 mg/ml for both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Also the MBC has been reported 400 and 500 mg/dL, respectively. The MIC of cinnamon extract for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were reported 250 and higher and 500 and higher, respectively. Also, the MBC was reported 500 and 600 mg/ml, respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to rhubarb plant extract, and the MIC and the MBC for Staphylococcus aureus were reported 200 mg/ml and higher and 400 mg/ml and higher, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the hydro alcoholic extract of cinnamon, pennyroyal and rhubarb has anti bacterial effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords
Author Keywords:Pennyroyal; cinnamon; rhubarb; Klebsiella pneumoni; Staphylococcus aureus
KeyWords Plus:GE
Recommended from our members
Mechanisms Underlying Noise-Induced PV+ Neuron Loss
There is a decrease of PV+ neurons in the primary auditory cortex of noise-exposed C57BL/6 mice. However, the mechanism behind this decrease was not clear. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to assess the possible cell death mechanisms involved in PV+ reduction. To help us identify potential cell death mechanisms to further look into, we first compared PV+ neuron reduction in noise-exposed C57BL/6 mice to noise-exposed FVB mice. C57BL/6 and FVB strains have different immune response profiles. Therefore, differences in PV+ neuron reduction in the primary auditory cortex of these two mouse strains can imply that pro-inflammatory cytokines might have a role in PV+ neuron density reduction. We observed different gap detection patterns and differences in PV+ neuron loss in the primary auditory cortex between noise-exposed C57BL/6 and FVB mice. Noise-exposed C57BL/6 mice displayed impairments in gap detection and reduction in PV+ neuron density in the primary auditory cortex. However, noise-exposed FVB mice did not show impairments in gap detection, and there was no change in their PV+ neuron density. Based on this finding, as well as previous studies linking tinnitus to pro-inflammatory cytokines, we examined PV+ neurons of noise-exposed C57BL/6 mice for signs of apoptosis and necroptosis. Both of these cell death mechanisms can be triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines. TUNEL staining was used to identify apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry staining with the RIP3 primary antibody was used as a marker for necroptosis. We did not observe apoptosis in PV+ neurons in the primary auditory cortex of noise-exposed mice. Necroptosis was observed in PV+ neurons in the primary auditory cortex of noise-exposed mice (p < 0.05). Therefore, necroptosis might play a role in the observed PV+ loss in the primary auditory cortex of noise-exposed mice