Multilayer Layer Graphene Nanoribbon Flash Memory: Analysis of Programming and Erasing Operation

Flash memory based on floating gate transistor is the most widely used memory technology in modern microelectronic applications. We recently proposed a new concept of multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) and carbon nanotube (CNT) based floating gate transistor design for future nanoscale flash memory technology. In this paper, we analyze the tunneling current mechanism in the proposed graphene-CNT floating gate transistor. We anticipate that the proposed floating gate transistor would adopt Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling during its programming and erase operations. In this paper, we have investigated the mechanism of tunneling current and the factors that would influence this current and the behavior of the proposed floating gate transistor. The analysis reveals that FN tunneling is a strong function of the high field induced by the control gate, and the thicknesses of the control oxide and the tunnel oxide.Comment: in IEEE SOCC, Las Vegas, USA, 201

Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma

Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma in a rare condition. Only around 250 cases of malignant thyroglossal cyst have been reported as far. We report a 45 years old women presenting with a painless swelling in the midline in the upper part of front of neck for 1 yr. This swelling moves with deglutition, multilobulated moves up on protrusion of tongue. FNAC revealed cystic lesion compatible with thyroglossal duct cyst. Ultrasonogram revealed mass is separated from thyroid gland. Patient underwent sistnmk's operation and tissue was sent for histopathological examination and report reveled papillary carcinoma of thyroglossal duct cyst

Original Article Comparative study of FNAC and histopathology in the diagnosis of thyroid swelling

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis and management of thyroid swelling. The study evaluated the predictive value of Pre operative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in surgical decision making, by comparing this (FNAC) with the post operative histopathological diagnosis. Ninety patients who underwent thyroidectomy between Jan-2007 to Dec-2008 were analysed in the department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. All the patients underwent pre operative FNAC were included in this study. FNAC was accurate in 85 (94.44%) patients. Failure were mainly noted in cases of follicular neoplasm (lesion). Our result indicates that FNAC is helpful in the diagnosis and surgical planning of thyroid swelling. However, histopathological analysis is still remaining essential to distinguish follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma

Outcome of Laser Surgery and Radiotherapy in Early Laryngeal Cancer

The study was undertaken to compare between surgery and radiotherapy in early carcinoma larynx (T1N0). 60 cases of early carcinoma larynx were selected purposive sampling technique from all the patients of carcinoma larynx admitted into Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University,Dhaka; Dhaka Medical College Hospital,Dhaka; Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka; Taqwah Specialized Hospital,Dhaka from January 2010 to June 2011. Carcinoma of the larynx is the most common cancer affecting the head and neck region. The main aim of this study was to determine whether there was any difference in the two main therapeutic options. The secondary aim was to assess speech and voice quality in a small, randomized sample of patients from each treatment group. The subjects investigated were 60 patients with T1N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. 30 patients were treated by irradiation, and 30 were treated with surgery. The primary outcome measures were recurrence at the primary site, recurrence in the neck. The secondary outcome measure was speech and voice quality. Surgery included laser assisted partial laryngectomy and various minor procedures on the glottis, including cordectomy. Surgery was more likely to be carried out for supraglottic disease. Result showed 16.67% of the irradiation group had a primary site recurrence compared with 20.0% in the surgery group at 12th months (p = 0.59) and 6.67% of those who were treated with irradiation had a recurrence in the neck. 16.67% of patients in the surgery group had a recurrence in the neck (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in primary site recurrence rates for the two treatment modalities, but regional recurrence was higher in the surgery group. Regarding speech and voice quality, radiotherapy was far superior to surgery. All patients in the radiotherapy group but only 3 of 10 in the surgery group were judged to have a good or normal voice (p = .0017). Both surgery and irradiation are equally effective at treating early laryngeal carcinoma but Speech and voice quality were significantly better in patients treated by irradiation than those treated by surgery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v26i1.21312 Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(1): 41-4

A Competition, Benchmark, Code, and Data for Using Artificial Intelligence to Detect Lesions in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis

Importance: An accurate and robust artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for detecting cancer in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) could significantly improve detection accuracy and reduce health care costs worldwide.Objectives: To make training and evaluation data for the development of AI algorithms for DBT analysis available, to develop well-defined benchmarks, and to create publicly available code for existing methods.Design, Setting, and Participants: This diagnostic study is based on a multi-institutional international grand challenge in which research teams developed algorithms to detect lesions in DBT. A data set of 22032 reconstructed DBT volumes was made available to research teams. Phase 1, in which teams were provided 700 scans from the training set, 120 from the validation set, and 180 from the test set, took place from December 2020 to January 2021, and phase 2, in which teams were given the full data set, took place from May to July 2021.Main Outcomes and Measures: The overall performance was evaluated by mean sensitivity for biopsied lesions using only DBT volumes with biopsied lesions; ties were broken by including all DBT volumes.Results: A total of 8 teams participated in the challenge. The team with the highest mean sensitivity for biopsied lesions was the NYU B-Team, with 0.957 (95% CI, 0.924-0.984), and the second-place team, ZeDuS, had a mean sensitivity of 0.926 (95% CI, 0.881-0.964). When the results were aggregated, the mean sensitivity for all submitted algorithms was 0.879; for only those who participated in phase 2, it was 0.926.Conclusions and Relevance: In this diagnostic study, an international competition produced algorithms with high sensitivity for using AI to detect lesions on DBT images. A standardized performance benchmark for the detection task using publicly available clinical imaging data was released, with detailed descriptions and analyses of submitted algorithms accompanied by a public release of their predictions and code for selected methods. These resources will serve as a foundation for future research on computer-assisted diagnosis methods for DBT, significantly lowering the barrier of entry for new researchers.</p