Management of Multiple sclerosis complications with herbal medicines in clinic: a review

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory chronic neurological disease, which affects young and middle aged adults, leading to demyelination, neuronal and axonal damage and finally atrophy of the brain, the spinal cord, and the retina in most patients. MS can cause sensory, motor and visual defects, lack of coordination and cognitive disabilities resulting in quality of life reduction. The aim of the present article was to review the clinical evidence related to medicinal plants in the treatment of symptoms associated with MS patients. Methods and Results: Electronic databases, including the Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched for clinical studies that evaluated the positive effects of medicinal plants in MS. The searched keywords were ‘multiple sclerosis’ in the title/abstract, and ‘plant’, ‘herb’, and ‘phytochemical’ in the whole text. To ensure a better comparison between trials, the Jadad score was used to assess the methodological quality of trials. Findings of the study revealed significant effects of different medicinal plants on MS. This plants are including Andrographis paniculata (King of bitters), Boswellia papyrifera (Bitter frankincense), Cannabis sativa (Hemp), Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo), Aloysia citrodora (Lemon verbena), Ruta graveolens (Rue) and Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng). C. sativa had the highest level of clinical evidence, supporting its efficacy in MS symptoms. The main complications of MS in which natural drugs were effective include spasticity, fatigue, scotoma, incontinence, urinary urgency, nocturia, memory performance, functional performance, and tremor. Conclusions: Further well-designed human studies with a large sample size and longer follow-up period are recommended to confirm the role of medicinal plants and their metabolites in the management of MS

A Comparative Study on New Claim in the Appeal Process in Iranian and French Laws

The principle of prohibition of submitting a new claim in the appeal process is one of the governing principles in the court of appeals that is stipulated in Article 362 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Given the opposition between Articles 98 and 362 of the Code of Civil Procedure, it is essential to effectively investigate the matter. In view of the French Code of Civil Procedure, the mentioned principle is compared in the Iranian and French legal systems. A comparative study of the two legal systems indicates that Article 564 of the French Code of Civil Procedure and the two subsequent Articles, after mentioning the said principle, specify the exceptions by pointing out the criterion. The criteria mentioned in similar instances can be generalized to reach a united criterion to be applied. After mentioning the said principle as an instance, Article 362 of the Iranian Code of Civil Procedure states the exception and asserts that the said instances cannot be taken as criteria and the instances under Article 362 of the Iranian Code of Civil Procedure should be viewed exclusively, judicial procedure has not reached the unity of procedure and the deficiency shall be amended through enacting appropriate regulation

The Latest Ttrends in Treatment of Meniere’s Disease(Part1)

Treatment of Menier’s disease includes medication and surgery. Most of the articles in the field of surgery has been published on the endolymphatic sac and the reports of the vestibular neurectomy are in the second place. Injection of Gentamycine into the tympanic cavity is a new treatment method. Traditional medical treatment of Menier’s disease consist of diet, physiotherapy, psychological preparation and medical treatment. Most of the consider diuretics and low salt diet as the basis of medical treatment. In this review article the effect of different diuretic drugs and different surgical methods on the Menier’s disease treatment is discusse

An Analysis of Means of Guidance for the Pious Commentators’ Perspectives

The Quran’s guidance for the pious is among the issues that have long been the focus of interpretive attitude in all ways and attracted the commentators’ attention up to now. Why did the holy Quranic, which ascended to guide the people of the world, attributed its guidance to the pious? What is the purpose of guiding and pious in this verse? Does this imply the exclusive Quranic guidance to the pious? Comments of various commentators were divided into two main sections. Totally, five comments were categorized under these two sections, and they have been studied. The study concluded that the guidance to the pious is bilateral. That is to say, as the guidance of the pious is effective, virtuous conduct also has a considerable impact, and this is a special kind of guidance. In the Quranic treasure of knowledge, a guidance towards piety has found 3 positions. These three dimensions can play major roles in creation and the amount of the virtue. With reflection on such issues related to the guidance of the pious, multiple results will be achieved. It could be concluded that the pious needed the divine guidance from the very beginning and benefited from this guidance, and they enjoyed two sources of the divine guidance entitled as the primary and secondary guidance

Status and Effects of Belief in God in Family Lifestyle from the Perspective of the Quran and Traditions

One of the most important issues is belief and recognition of God which is considered as one of the most urgent needs of human beings and acts such as an intellectual light that shows the direction for human life and gives meaning to it. It also can help human beings distinguish between clean and real life from ordinary and natural. Lifestyle is one debated issues in all aspects of human life in the context of different cultures and backgrounds. Also, the family is of vital importance as a place for happiness and misery of individuals and society as well as the foundational dimension of human life. So discussion of lifestyle is very necessary in the family life debate. Theism as the first religious belief clarifies the way of life for families and has many effects in the lifestyle of family such as strengthening the faith, physical and mental health, mental peace, unity, optimism and finding meaning in life, boosting morale and giving satisfaction, virtue, easing problems and creating a spirit of tolerance

The Effect of Vitamin B12 Infusion on Prevention of Nitrous Oxide-induced Homocysteine Increase: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: Nitrous oxide is a common inhalation anesthetic agent in general anesthesia. While it is widely accepted as a safe anesthetic agent, evidence suggests exposure to this gas, leads to hyperhomocysteinemia. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of single-dose intravenous infusions of vitamin B12, before and after the induction of nitrous oxide anesthesia on homocysteine levels after the surgery. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 patients who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, presumably lasting for more than two hours. The subjects were randomly allocated to three groups of 20. For the first group, vitamin B12 solution (1 mg/100 ml normal saline) and 100 ml of normal saline (placebo), were infused before and after the induction of anesthesia, respectively. The second group received placebo and vitamin B12 infusion before and after the induction of anesthesia, respectively. The third group received placebo infusions at both times. Homocysteine levels were measured before and 24 hours after the surgery. Results: The mean homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels were significantly different within the three groups (p<0.001). In patients who had been infused with vitamin B12 before the surgery, homocysteine levels were significantly lower than the other two groups. In the placebo group, homocysteine levels significantly increased after the surgery. Conclusion: Nitrous oxide causes hyperhomocysteinemia after general anesthesia. Since vitamin B12 infusion is a safe and inexpensive method to decrease homocysteine levels in these patients, it may be recommended for patients undergoing nitrous oxide anesthesia to be used before induction of anesthesia