253 research outputs found

    A proposed synthesis method for Application-Specific Instruction Set Processors

    Get PDF
    Due to the rapid technology advancement in integrated circuit era, the need for the high computation performance together with increasing complexity and manufacturing costs has raised the demand for high-performance con fi gurable designs; therefore, the Application-Speci fi c Instruction Set Processors (ASIPs) are widely used in SoC design. The automated generation of software tools for ASIPs is a commonly used technique, but the automated hardware model generation is less frequently applied in terms of fi nal RTL implementations. Contrary to this, the fi nal register-transfer level models are usually created, at least partly, manually. This paper presents a novel approach for automated hardware model generation for ASIPs. The new solution is based on a novel abstract ASIP model and a modeling language (Algorithmic Microarchitecture Description Language, AMDL) optimized for this architecture model. The proposed AMDL-based pre-synthesis method is based on a set of pre-de fi ned VHDL implementation schemes, which ensure the qualities of the automatically generated register-transfer level models in terms of resource requirement and operation frequency. The design framework implementing the algorithms required by the synthesis method is also presented

    Autonomic and sensory nerve dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis

    Get PDF
    AIM: Cardiovascular autonomic and peripheral sensory neuropathy is a known complication of chronic alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for peripheral sensory nerve and autonomic dysfunction using sensitive methods in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). METHODS: Twenty-four AMA M2 positive female patients with clinical, biochemical and histological evidence of PBC and 20 age matched healthy female subjects were studied. Five standard cardiovascular reflex tests and 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) analysis were performed to define autonomic function. Peripheral sensory nerve function on median and peroneal nerves was characterized by current perception threshold (CPT), measured by a neuroselective diagnostic stimulator (Neurotron, Baltimore, MD). RESULTS: Fourteen of 24 patients (58%) had at least one abnormal cardiovascular reflex test and thirteen (54%) had peripheral sensory neuropathy. Lower heart rate response to deep breathing (P = 0.001), standing (P = 0.03) and Valsalva manoeuvre (P = 0.01), and more profound decrease of blood pressure after standing (P = 0.03) was found in PBC patients than in controls. As a novel finding we proved that both time domain and frequency domain parameters of 24-h HRV were significantly reduced in PBC patients compared to controls. Each patient had at least one abnormal parameter of HRV. Lower CPT values indicated hyperaesthesia as a characteristic feature at peroneal nerve testing at three frequencies (2000 Hz: P = 0.005; 250 Hz: P = 0.002; 5 Hz: P = 0.004) in PBC compared to controls. Correlation of autonomic dysfunction with the severity and duration of the disease was observed. Lower total power of HRV correlated with lower CPT values at median nerve testing at 250 Hz (P = 0.0001) and at 5 Hz (P = 0.002), as well as with those at peroneal nerve testing at 2000 Hz (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Autonomic and sensory nerve dysfunctions are frequent in PBC. Twenty-four-hour HRV analysis is more sensitive than standard cardiovascular tests for detecting of both parasympathetic and sympathetic impairments. Our novel data suggest that hyperaesthesia is a characteristic feature of peripheral sensory neuropathy and might contribute to itching in PBC. Autonomic dysfunction is related to the duration and severity of PBC

    Felhőfizikai folyamatok mezoskálájú modellezése = Numerical simulation of cloud physics in mesoscale processes

    Get PDF
    I. Mikrofizikai folyamatok számítógépes modellezése Megvizsgáltuk, hogy a sekélyrétegfelhőben lejátszódó csapadékképződést milyen mértékben befolyásolja az aeroszolrészecskék méret szerinti eloszlása és anyagi összetétele, valamint a jégképző részecskék koncentrációja. a) A csapadékképződéshez szükséges idő erősen függ a csapadékképződésben szerepet játszó aeroszolrészecskék (kondenzációs magvak) koncentrációjától. A csapadékképződést nem befolyásolja érdemben az 1 mikrométernél nagyobb óriás kondenzációs magvak jelenléte. b) Az aeroszolrészecskék vízben oldódó részének arányának csökkenése csökkenti az 50 mikrométernél nagyobb vízcseppek kialakulásához szükséges időt. A hatás annál jelentősebb, minél nagyobb az aeroszolrészecsekék koncentrációja. c) A jégképző részecskék koncentrációja hatással van a túlhűlt vízcseppek koncentrációjára. Ez a hatás annál jelentősebb, minél magasabb a vízcseppek koncentrációja. II. A felszín és a felhőfizikai folyamatok kapcsolata Esettanulmány segítségével igazoltuk, hogy a zivatarfelhők szerkezete és a belőlük hulló csapadék mennyisége érzékeny a talaj fizikai féleségére. III. Ultrarövidtávú, 6-12 órás előrejelzések készítése mezoskálájú modell segítségével. Kísérletek végeztünk a radar adatok numerikus modellekbe történő asszimilációjára. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a módszerrel képesek vagyunk kényszeríteni a modellt arra, hogy a konvekciót ott indítsa be, ahol az a radarmérések alapján ténylegesen zajlik, sőt, egy erősebb behatással akár hevesebb eseményeket is gerjeszthetünk a modell állapotterében. | I. Numerical simulation of microphysics. Effect of the size distribution and chemical composition of the aerosol particles on the precipitation development in a shallow layer cloud was investigated. a) The time necessary for the development of the drizzle size drops (> 50 micron) strongly depends on the concentration of the aerosol particles. The precipitation formation is hardly affected by the presence of the giant nuclei (>1 micron). b) The lower water soluble fraction of the aerosol particles results in faster formation of drizzle. The larger the concentration of the aerosol particles is the larger the effect. c) The concentration of the aerosol particles what the ice crystals formed on affects the concentration of the supercooled water drops. This effect was found to be the largest in the case, where the drop concentration was the largest. II. The interaction between cloud physics and processes take place in the ground layer. A cased study was made to prove the effect of the soil type on the structure of the thunderstorms and on the precipitation formation in them. III. Application of the mesoscale model (MM5) for ultra short range forecast. Numerical experiments were made to study the effect of the radar data assimilation on the results of the numerical simulation of thunderstorm formation. It was found, that the assimilation of the radar data improves the accuracy of forecast of thunderstorm formation
    corecore