Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Annual research review, March 7, 2000, paper physics

"March 7, 2000."Fundamentals of acoustic radiation pressure: status report for project F008 / Pierre Brodeur ... [et al.] ; On-line measurement of paper properties: status report for project F007 / Mac Hall, Ted Jackson, Andy Brown ; Non-contact ultrasonic stiffness measurements: Project F031 / John Waterhouse ... [et al.] ; Fundamentals of dimensional stability: status report for project F020 / Douglas Coffin, Barry Hojjatie, Kennisha Collins ; Fundamentals of accelerated creep: status report for project F026 / Charles Habeger ... [et al.] ; Micromechanics of fiber networks: status report for project F023 / Martin Ostoja-Starzewski, Andrew N. Woods, Ted Jackson ; Improving the refining of chemical pulps: status report for project F024 / John Waterhouse, Hiroki Nanko, Miranda Bliss ; Fundamentals of interfiber bonding: status report for project F025 / Hiroki Nanko, Shaobo Pan ; Liquid/substrate interactions: status report for Project F044 / Wayne Robbins, Tabitha Horton -- Slide book