Integrating Response to Intervention in an Inquiry-Based Math Classroom

Response to Intervention (RtI) is a practice of academic and behavioral interventions designed to provide early, effective assistance to underperforming students. Research-based interventions are implemented and frequent progress monitoring is conducted to assess student response and progress. When students do not make progress, increasingly more intense interventions are introduced. In this paper, we will discuss Response to Intervention (RtI), inquiry-based mathematics, and how these can work together for the benefit of students and educators

Exploring the hormonal and neural correlates of paternal protective behavior to their infants

Infant protection is an important but largely neglected aspect of parental care. Available theory and research suggest that endocrine levels and neural responses might be biological correlates of protective behavior. However, no research to date examined associations between these neurobiological and behavioral aspects. This study, preregistered on https://osf.io/2acxd, explored the psychobiology of paternal protection in 77 new fathers by combining neural responses to infant-threatening situations, self-reported protective behavior, behavioral observations in a newly developed experimental set-up (Auditory Startling Task), and measurements of testosterone and vasopressin. fMRI analyses validated the role of several brain networks in the processing of infant-threatening situations and indicated replicable findings with the infant-threat paradigm. We found little overlap between observed and reported protective behavior. Robust associations between endocrine levels, neural responses, and paternal protective behavior were absent

Fathers' involvement in early childcare is associated with amygdala resting-state connectivity

Becoming a parent requires new skills and frequent task switching during daily childcare. Little is known about the paternal brain during the transition to fatherhood. The present study examined intrinsic neuronal network connectivity in a group of first-time expectant and new fathers (total N = 131) using amygdala seed-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis. Furthermore, we examined the association between paternal involvement (i.e. hours spent in childcare and real-time push notifications on smartphone) and connectivity within the parental brain network in new fathers. There were no significant differences in functional connectivity between expectant and new fathers. However, results show that in new fathers, time spent in childcare was positively related to amygdala connectivity with the supramarginal gyrus, postcentral gyrus and the superior parietal lobule-all regions within the cognition/mentalizing network that have been associated with empathy and social cognition. Our results suggest that fathers' time investment in childcare is related to connectivity networks in the parental brain

Differential expression of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators induced by nitrogen dioxide and ozone in primary human bronchial epithelial cells

CONTEXT: NO(2) and O(3) are ubiquitous air toxicants capable of inducing lung damage to the respiratory epithelium. Due to their oxidizing capabilities, these pollutants have been proposed to target specific biological pathways, but few publications have compared the pathways activated. OBJECTIVE: This work will test the premise that NO(2) and O(3) induce toxicity by activating similar cellular pathways. METHODS: Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs, n = 3 donors) were exposed for 2 hours at an air-liquid interface to 3 ppm NO(2), 0.75 ppm O(3), or filtered air and harvested 1 hr post-exposure. To give an overview of pathways that may be influenced by each exposure, gene expression was measured using PCR arrays for toxicity and oxidative stress. Based on the results, genes were selected to quantify whether expression changes were changed in a dose- and time-response manner using NO(2) (1, 2, 3, or 5 ppm), O(3) (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00 ppm), or filtered air and harvesting 0, 1, 4 and 24 hrs post-exposure. RESULTS: Using the arrays, genes related to oxidative stress were highly induced with NO(2) while expression of pro-inflammatory and vascular function genes were found subsequent to O(3). NO(2) elicited the greatest HMOX1 response, whereas O(3) more greatly induced IL-6, IL-8, and PTGS2 expression. Additionally, O(3) elicited a greater response 1 hr post-exposure and NO(2) produced a maximal response after 4 hrs. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that these two oxidant gases stimulate differing mechanistic responses in vitro and these responses occur at dissimilar times

Exploring the hormonal and neural correlates of paternal protective behavior to their infants

Infant protection is an important but largely neglected aspect of parental care. Available theory and research suggest that endocrine levels and neural responses might be biological correlates of protective behavior. However, no research to date examined associations between these neurobiological and behavioral aspects. This study, preregistered on https://osf.io/2acxd, explored the psychobiology of paternal protection in 77 new fathers by combining neural responses to infant-threatening situations, self-reported protective behavior, behavioral observations in a newly developed experimental set-up (Auditory Startling Task), and measurements of testosterone and vasopressin. fMRI analyses validated the role of several brain networks in the processing of infant-threatening situations and indicated replicable findings with the infant-threat paradigm. We found little overlap between observed and reported protective behavior. Robust associations between endocrine levels, neural responses, and paternal protective behavior were absent