Powder-in-Tube (PIT) Nb3Sn conductors for high-field magnets

New Nb3Sn conductors, based on the powder-in-tube (PIT) process, have been developed for application in accelerator magnets and high-field solenoids. For application in accelerator magnets, SMI has developed a binary 504 filament PIT conductor by optimizing the manufacturing process and adjustment of the conductor lay-out. It uniquely combines a non-copper current density of 2680 A/mm2@10 T with an effective filament diameter of about 20 ¿m. This binary conductor may be used in a 10 T, wide bore model separator dipole magnet for the LHC, which is being developed by a collaboration of the University of Twente and CERN. A ternary (Nb/7.5wt%Ta)3Sn conductor containing 37 filaments is particularly suited for application in extremely high-field superconducting solenoids. This wire features a copper content of 43%, a non-copper current density of 217 A/mm2@20 T and a Bc2 of 25.6 T. The main issues and the experimental results of the development program of PIT Nb3Sn conductors are presented and discussed in this pape

Progress in the development of Nb3Sn conductors based on the "Powder in tube" method with finer filaments

Inspired by the successful operation of the 11 T Nb3Sn experimental dipole magnet MSUT, a new large bore 10 [email protected] K Nb3 Sn model dipole magnet is under development in The Netherlands. For application in this system, Shape Metal Innovation (SMI) has developed a new "Powder in tube" type of Nb3Sn conductor with an increased number of filaments. At a strand diameter of 0.9 mm, the diameter of the filaments after reaction for only 33 hours at 675°C has been reduced to about 20 microns. The non-copper critical current density has been measured to be as high as 1890 A/mm 2 at 10 [email protected] K

Wavelength and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis with EMA and SEM-EDXRA on thin sections of soils.

Organic matter, minerals and iron-manganese nodules were studied in thin sections of soils with an electron microprobe analyzer (EMA) and a combination of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDXRA). Both instruments were used to estimate the presence and nature of chemical elements in two selected areas, one containing a combination of organic and mineral material and another inside an iron-manganese nodule. The detection of organic matter proved problematic. Of the light elements, N could not be detected with EMA and O was detected but was not specific to organic matter. EMA could not be used for C because of the C coating of the thin section. SEM-EDXRA only detected heavier elements. EMA produced somewhat better X-ray images of heavier elements, especially from an iron-manganese nodule. However, with organic material, SEM-EDXRA X-ray images were similar to or slightly better than EMA. An advantage of SEM-EDXRA over EMA is that the soil material can be analysed at various magnifications with a much higher limit, and point analysis can be made of loose material. For soil material, SEM-EDXRA was better as a routine instrument which solved most problems. EMA can be used as a complementary instrument. Other microanalytical techniques such as the ion microprobe mass analyzer (IMMA) were necessary to analyse light elements in organic material of soils. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission

Violent Female Offenders Compared With Violent Male Offenders on Psychological Determinants of Aggressive Behavior

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