The Links Between Migration, Poverty and Health: Evidence From Khayelitsha and Mitchell's Plain

In the mid-1950s, the City of Cape Town was part of a wider area demarcated as a Coloured Labour Preference Area. The free movement of African people into the city was strictly controlled and the residential areas were segregated along racial lines. In terms of Apartheid's grand design, an area designated Mitchell's Plain was demarcated for occupation by Coloured people in 1973 while another designated Khayelitsha was allocated for African people. The two areas were incorporated in one magisterial district, Mitchell's Plain, in the mid-1980s. A sample survey of the area was conducted in late November and early December 2000 with a focus on labour market issues. Its aim was to capture occupants of households aged 18 or older. The survey data has been interrogated to describe the connections between migration, poverty and health in a city where recent rapid urbanisation is changing the demographic profile significantly. As a consequence, the need to provide adequate infrastructure, decent housing and employment poses a daunting challenge ten years after the new democracy has been ushered in.

An eLearning Narration Modality Study: In Pursuit of Faster, Cheaper, and Almost the Same

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of five different eLearning modality practices on workplace learning and perceived learner satisfaction. Using a factorial posttest comparison design (with a control group), this experimental field study explored the learning effects and learner perceived satisfaction associated with the use of different modality approaches within an eLearning course delivered in a workplace. More than 3,000 study participants, who are part of a U.S. federal workforce, where randomly assigned to one of five narration groups. A Learning Management System (LMS) gathered demographic data, administered the course, recorded individual test scores, learner satisfaction scores, and recorded times associated with course completion. Findings from this study suggest that in a U.S. workplace environment, eLearning using text-only (i.e., no voice narration) has similar learning outcomes to eLearning with narration. The important potential benefit of this finding is the reduction to costs associated with eLearning development and implementation—that is, faster and cheaper eLearning development while achieving almost the same learning outcomes. Coupled with the learner satisfaction finding in this study, that workplace learners preferred text-only over any of the forms of narration in this study, then a strong case begins to form for using text-only with straightforward content, for eLearning to be implemented in a U.S. workplace setting

Species Composition and Abundance of Zooplankton in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea in Winter-Spring

Zooplankton samples collected in winter-spring 1978-79 and in spring 1980 from under the sea ice at two sites near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, were analyzed for species composition and abundance. Sixty-eight categories, including 48 species and 20 other categories where identification was made to genus or other higher taxonomic rank, were identified. Calanoid copepods were dominant under the ice. As spring progressed, however, other organisms, including cyclopoid and harpacticoid copepods, hydrozoans, amphipods, larvaceans, and larval stages of planktonic and benthic invertebrates, became more numerous. Some of these organisms, such as cyclopoid and harpacticoid copepods, probably lived in the sea ice in early spring and were released into the water column as the ice melted. A correlation matrix identified three groups of zooplankton. Group one, consisting of Pseudocalanus spp., had large fluctuations in numbers throughtout the spring. Group two, consisting of benthic copepods, polychaetes, and the amphipod Halirages mixtus, became abundant when the ice began to melt. The third group, composed of all other species, had a more uniform abundance during early spring, but declined in numbers as the ice melted.Key words: western Beaufort Sea, zooplankton, copépodes, Pseudocalanus, cyclopes, harpaticoides, glace marineMots clés: ouest de la mer de Beaufort, zooplancton, copépodes, Pseudocalanus, cyclopes, harpaticoides, glace marin

Scientists, trade unions and labour movement policies for science and technology, 1947-1964

This thesis describes the history of the scientific Left beginning with the period of its most extensive influence in the mid-1940s as a movement for the planning of science and ending with the Labour Party's programme of 1964 claiming to harness science and socialism. Its central theme is the external and internal pressures involved in the project to align left-wing politics, trade unions and social responsibility in science. The problematic aspects of this project are examined in the evolution of the Association of Scientific Workers and the World Federation of Scientific Workers as organisations committed to trade union and science policy objectives. This is presented also in the broader context of the Association's attempts to influence the Trade Union Congress's policies for science and technology in a more radical direction. The thesis argues that the shift in the balance of political forces in the labour movement, in the scientific community and in the state brought about by the Cold War was crucial in frustrating these endeavours. This led to alternative, but largely unsuccessful attempts, in the form of the Engels Society and subsequently Science for Peace to create the new expressions of the left-wing politics of science. However, the period 1956-1964 was characterised by intensive interest within the Labour Party in science and technology which reopened informal channels of political influence for the scientific Left. This was not matched by any radical renewal within the Association or the Trade Union Congress and thus took place on a narrower basis and lacked the democratic aspects of the earlier generation of socialist science policy

Hearing the Community: Evolution of a Nutrition and Physical Activity Program for African American Women to Improve Weight

Listening to the needs of the community is an important step toward reducing health disparities. Researchers may need to adjust their methods to maximize participation and benefit to the community. This report describes how the project team adjusted its approach to a weight loss intervention to support a community of African American women seeking to improve their health

Potato Cultivar Differences Associated with Mealiness

Russet Burbank, Norchip, Pontiac, and LaSoda potato cultivars were examined for the parameters mealy and waxy. Russet Burbank was judged dry, hard and particulate, typifying mealiness. Using phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, raw mealy cells were determined to be larger and more irregularly shaped than cells from waxy cultivars. Mealy cooked cells were engorged with gelatinized starch, cell walls were more polarized, and cell shapes were better retained after mashing, when compared to waxy cells. NMR-T2 bound water readings from Russet Burbank and Pontiac samples did not differ from each other. Starch granule sizes and shapes varied by cultivar