DIPL 1001AA Introduction to Leadership in International Affairs

There are a broad range of job opportunities in the international arena. An important part of defining one’s area of interest in this field is exploration – what type of job would you love? In what area of the world or in which issues would you like to specialize? Do you want to live abroad? What kinds of jobs are out there, and how does one go about starting down the path to a successful international career? This required Freshman Seminar is designed to introduce students to a variety of careers in international affairs, as well as to familiarize them with the skills and experience they will need to obtain their career goals. We will examine various career options , including international organizations and institutions, non-governmental organizations, local and national government positions, diplomatic service, academic careers, and banking and finance, to name a few. By familiarizing students with the wealth of possibilities available to them with a degree in international affairs, students will be better able to choose courses and work opportunities from the very first semester, in order to maximize their ability to pursue their personal and professional goals. To provide a road map for students, we hope to introduce you to a cadre of professionals who will show you how they got where they are today, provide clues for successful career advancement and inspire you to continue your personal and career development in international relations

DIPL 1001 AA Introduction to Leadership in International Affairs

There are a broad range of job opportunities in the international arena. An important part of defining one\u27s area of interest in this field is exploration - what type of job would you love? In what area of the world or in which issues would you like to specialize? Do you want to live abroad? What kinds of jobs are out there, and how does one go about starting down the path to a successful international career? This required Freshman Seminar is designed to introduce students to a variety of careers in international affairs, as well as to familiarize them with the skills and experience they will need to obtain their career goals. We will examine various career options , including international organizations and institutions, non-governmental organizations, local and national government positions, diplomatic service, academic careers, and banking and finance, to name a few. By familiarizing students with the wealth of possibilities available to them with a degree in international affairs, students will be better able to choose courses and work opportunities from the very first semester, in order to maximize their ability to pursue their personal and professional goals. To provide a road map for students, we hope to introduce you to a cadre of professionals who will show you how they got where they are today, provide clues for successful career advancement and inspire you to continue your personal and career development in international relations

Bioasssay, Chemical Analyses, and Statistical Analyses of Samples Obtained from Galveston Harbor, Texas

In May 1979, Contract No. DACW64-79-C-0037, for performance of bioassays and bioaccumulation studies, chemical analyses of sediments, seawater and elutriate materials, and appropriate statistical analyses of samples obtained from the Galveston Harbor and Sabine-Neches Waterway Channels, was awarded to NUS Corporation by the Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District. These studies are part of a continuing evaluation of the potential environmental effects of proposed ocean disposal of dredged materials and are required for compliance with provisions of Section 103 of the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (PL 92-532). This final report presents the results of dredged material evaluations for the Galveston Harbor Channel project area

Bioassay, Chemical Analyses, and Statistical Analyses of Samples obtained from Galveston Harbor, Texas

In May 1979, Contract No. DACW64-79-C-0037, for performance of bioassays and bioaccumulation studies, chemical analyses of sediments, seawater and elutriate materials, and appropriate statistical analyses of samples obtained from the Galveston Harbor and Sabine-Neches Waterway channels, was awarded to NUS Corporation by the Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District. These studies are part of a continuing evaluation of the potential environmental effects of proposed ocean disposal of dredged materials and are required for compliance with provisions of Section 103 of the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (PL 92-532). This final report presents the results of dredged material evaluations for the Galveston Harbor Channel project area. Channel sediments collected at designated locations in the project area were evaluated by bioassays of liquid, suspended particulate, and solid phase materials. A variety of sensitive marine vertebrates and invertebrates were used, including a fish, a crustacean, a crustacean postlarva (zooplankton), a polychaete, and a bivalve. Evaluative procedures were as established in Ecological Evaluation of Proposed Discharge of Dredged Materials into Ocean Waters (EPA/CE, 1977). The results of these bioassays showed that sediments of the Galveston Harbor Channel pose no serious or unacceptable hazard to the marine environment. The potential for bioaccumulation of selected pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons in tissues of marine organisms was evaluated by laboratory methodologies. The results of tissue analyses of sandworms and hard clams exposed to Galveston Harbor Channel sediments indicated that the concentration of all constituents analyzed was not significantly different between animals exposed to test and reference materials. There was no indication that the test animals had accumulated constituents of interest from the test materials to a greater extent than from the reference sediment. Chemical analyses for a variety of heavy metals, selected pesticides and PCB's, nitrogen derivatives, and oil and grease residues in sediments, seawater and elutriate materials were performed to define ambient concentrations of these constituents in the project environs. Many constituents exhibited no concentration above a quantifiable analytical detection limit. Several constituents (notably Aroclor 1254, arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, ammonia, nitrate, TKN, and oil and grease in sediments, and ammonia and TKN in seawater) displayed a general trend toward highest concentrations at shoreward sampling areas. Mercury was present in sediment materials throughout the project area, but was not found in excessive concentrations. The concentrations of oil and grease residues in seawater samples were highest at seaward sampling areas. It was conservatively determined that mercury concentrations in elutriate materials from all channel sampling areas would exceed the established marine water quality criterion; however, the initial mixing zone available at the designated disposal area is adequate to achieve the required dilution factors

Interactions between energetic electrons and realistic whistler mode waves in the Jovian magnetosphere

The role of plasma waves in shaping the intense Jovian radiation belts is not well understood. In this study we use a realistic wave model based on an extensive survey from the Plasma Wave Investigation on the Galileo spacecraft to calculate the effect of pitch angle and energy diffusion on Jovian energetic electrons due to upper and lower band chorus. Two Earth-based models, the Full Diffusion Code and the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt code, are adapted to the case of the Jovian magnetosphere and used to resolve the interaction between chorus and electrons at L = 10. We also present a study of the sensitivity to the latitudinal wave coverage and initial electron distribution. Our analysis shows that the contribution to the electron dynamics from upper band chorus is almost negligible compared to that from lower band chorus. For 100 keV electrons, we observe that diffusion leads to redistribution of particles toward lower pitch angles with some particle loss, which could indicate that radial diffusion or interchange instabilities are important. For energies above >500 keV, an initial electron distribution based on observations is only weakly affected by chorus waves. Ideally, we would require the initial electron phase space density before transport takes place to assess the importance of wave acceleration, but this is not available. It is clear from this study that the shape of the electron phase space density and the latitudinal extent of the waves are important for both electron acceleration and loss

Acceleration of electrons by whistler-mode hiss waves at Saturn

Plasmaspheric hiss waves at the Earth are well known for causing losses of electrons from the radiation belts through wave particle interactions. At Saturn, however, we show that the different plasma density environment leads to acceleration of the electrons rather than loss. The ratio of plasma frequency to electron gyrofrequency frequently falls below one creating conditions for hiss to accelerate electrons. The location of hiss at high latitudes ( > 25°) coincides very well with this region of very low density. The interaction between electrons and hiss only occurs at these higher latitudes, therefore the acceleration is limited to mid to low pitch angles leading to butterfly pitch angle distributions. The hiss is typically an order of magnitude stronger than chorus at Saturn and the resulting acceleration is rapid, approaching steady state in one day at 0.4 MeV at L=7 and the effect is stronger with increasing L-shell

Rapid electron acceleration in low density regions of Saturn's radiation belt by whistler mode chorus waves

Electron acceleration at Saturn due to whistler mode chorus waves has previously been assumed to be ineffective; new data closer to the planet shows it can be very rapid (factor of 104 flux increase at 1 MeV in 10 days compared to factor of 2). A full survey of chorus waves at Saturn is combined with an improved plasma density model to show that where the plasma frequency falls below the gyrofrequency additional strong resonances are observed favoring electron acceleration. This results in strong chorus acceleration between approximately 2.5 RS and 5.5 RS outside which adiabatic transport may dominate. Strong pitch angle dependence results in butterfly pitch angle distributions that flatten over a few days at 100s keV, tens of days at MeV energies which may explain observations of butterfly distributions of MeV electrons near L=3. Including cross terms in the simulations increases the tendency towards butterfly distributions

New solutions in 3D gravity

We study gravitational theory in 1+2 spacetime dimensions which is determined by the Lagrangian constructed as a sum of the Einstein-Hilbert term plus the two (translational and rotational) gravitational Chern-Simons terms. When the corresponding coupling constants vanish, we are left with the purely Einstein theory of gravity. We obtain new exact solutions for the gravitational field equations with the nontrivial material sources. Special attention is paid to plane-fronted gravitational waves (in case of the Maxwell field source) and to the circularly symmetric as well as the anisotropic cosmological solutions which arise for the ideal fluid matter source.Comment: Revtex, 21 pages, no figure

A Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for a Two-Photon Wave Packet

We propose an experiment that permits observation of the de Broglie two-photon wave packet behavior for a pair of photons, using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It is based on the use of pulsed lasers to generate pairs of photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion and the post-selection of events. It differs from previous realizations by the use of a third time-correlated photon to engineer the state of the photons. The same technique can give us which-path information via an ``interaction-free'' experiment and can be used in other experiments on the foundations of quantum mechanics related to wave-particle duality and to nonlocality.Comment: Submmited for publication in Physical Review

Can the "brick wall" model present the same results in different coordinate representations?

By using the 't Hooft's "brick wall" model and the Pauli-Villars regularization scheme we calculate the statistical-mechanical entropies arising from the quantum scalar field in different coordinate settings, such as the Painlev\'{e} and Lemaitre coordinates. At first glance, it seems that the entropies would be different from that in the standard Schwarzschild coordinate since the metrics in both the Painlev\'{e} and Lemaitre coordinates do not possess the singularity at the event horizon as that in the Schwarzschild-like coordinate. However, after an exact calculation we find that, up to the subleading correction, the statistical-mechanical entropies in these coordinates are equivalent to that in the Schwarzschild-like coordinate. The result is not only valid for black holes and de Sitter spaces, but also for the case that the quantum field exerts back reaction on the gravitational field provided that the back reaction does not alter the symmetry of the spacetime.Comment: 8 pages, Phys. Rev. D in pres