10 research outputs found

    Collective knowledge and collective strategy : a function of symbiotic knowledge for business-university alliances (Working paper series ; no.57)

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    This paper combines the concept of Collective Knowledge with the one of Collective Strategy, which will be to give new foundations on the theory of knowledge management.Depending on four types of Collective Strategies, corres ponding types of Collective Knowledge is created. One type of Collective Knowledge, Symbiotic Knowledge, stands out as it embodies a new dimension for problem solving by a usage of collaboration with different field of expertise. The applicability of Symbiotic Knowledge is exemplified by the business-university-government alliances in Toyama, Japan. The selection of who to invite as participants plays a decisively important role in knowledge creation. The symbiotic knowledge creation is limited by those who are allowed to participate in the organization. In this process, the coordinators play the most important role for the performance of inter-organizational alliances

    Japanese foreign direct investment : recent trends, determinants, and prospects

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    In the late 1980s, Japan became the biggest source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world. The main beneficiaries of the rapid increase in investment flows were industrial countries, but the developing world (especially East Asia and Latin America) also received substantial inflows. In East Asia, the newly industrial economies (NIEs) of Hong Kong, Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan (China) were, at first, production bases for Japanese manufacturing in the 1970s and early 1980s. But in the late 1980s, these countries became new, expanding consumer markets, attracting huge Japanese investments in the tertiary (service) sector, while investments in manufacturing shrank rapidly because of rising labor costs. The Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) and China became Japan's new production base. In Latin America (mostly small Caribbean countries) Japan's focus is almost exclusively on tax havens. Globally, Japan's investments in the secondary (manufacturing) and service sectors of the major Latin American nations are only marginal. Japanese investment flows declined drastically after 1989, mostly because of the depressed global and domestic economy, after rapid asset price deflation in Japan. Hardest hit by the decline were the United States and Europe. Japanese FDI flows to developing countries also declined, but less. The biggest losers were the NIEs and the Caribbean tax havens. The biggest losers were the NIEs and the Caribbean tax havens. Japanese investments continued to grow in other Latin American countries and, even more, in the ASEAN and China. Japanese investors sharply reduced tertiary sector investments, primarily geared to maintaining or expanding markets. Investments in the secondary sector, making use of low-cost production, continued to expand. This trend is expected to continue in the near future, with FDI flows declining further, albeit more slowly. Low-wage production countries such as China and Indonesia will attract an increasing share. Investment to expand markets in the industrial countries and the NIEs are likely to decline. But medium-term prospects for Japanese FDI in developing countries are brighter, as economic recovery and continuing current account surpluses in Japan will lead to a resumption of active foreign investment by Japanese multinational corporations.Foreign Direct Investment,Environmental Economics&Policies,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Theory&Research,Trade and Regional Integration

    Sociocultural Responses to COVID-19 and the Theory of Hegemonic Stability

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    This study examines the international political impact of COVID-19 and looks into the relationship between hegemonic stability theory and pandemics. Focusing on the sociocultural response to COVID-19, a factor decomposition was carried out on the coronavirus disease 2019-20 infection rates and mortality rates in 44 countries. An international comparison excluding vaccination periods reveals sociocultural tendencies in infection rate and mortality mapping that can be called regimes in health care policy. Several Latin American and Middle Eastern middle-income countries record similarly high rates of mortality. In contrast, Western countries tend to show low mortality but high infection rates. With the notable examples of the United States and Belgium, most Western countries are mapped in this cluster. Several Asian countries are mapped in the cluster of low infection and low mortality rates. While the establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) is considered an international public good, regulating people’s behavior is difficult and suppling vaccines in developing countries is likely to encounter difficulties. Vaccination is a supply of public goods, but the supply needs to be carried out by private companies for the construction of a vaccination supply chain. Though they are supporting WHO and encouraging vaccinations, the hegemonic powers are still likely to experience economic stagnation as an outcome of the pandemic

    Economics of Reciprocal Networks: Collaboration in Knowledge and Emergence of Industrial Clusters

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    Knowledge, Collaboration, Network theory, Industrial cluster, Emergence,

    Setting the Record Straight: Hymer, Internationalization Theory and Transaction Cost Economics

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    Setting the Record Straight: Hymer, Internationalization Theory and Transaction Cost Economics

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    Along with the rise and development of transaction cost economics, Stephen H. Hymer's works have recently become a matter of some controversy. This note clarifies the main issues in the controversy and explores the contributions of Hymer's theory of the MNE. A review of Hymer's works reveals that he had incorporated a Coasian theory of firms and markets in his theory as early as 1968. This note suggests that the genesis of transaction costs as applied to the MNE can be traced to Hymer.© 1990 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1990) 21, 487–494

    Japans Technologietransfer nach Südkorea: Entwicklungstendenzen und Problempunkte

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