Extensive microscale N isotopic heterogeneity in chondritic organic matter

Introduction: H and N isotopic anomalies (mainly excesses of D and 15N) in organic matter from primitive meteorites and IDPs suggest preservation of presolar molecular cloud material [1-3]. However, there have been very few spatially correlated H and N studies for either chondrites or IDPs [4, 5]. We report C and N isotopic imaging data for organic matter from four meteorites and three IDPs. D/H imaging data for many of the same samples are presented in [6, 7] and bulk organic isotope data in [8]

Extreme H isotopic anomalies in chondritic organic matter

Extract from introduction: We have conducted ionprobe (IMS6f and NanoSIMS) imaging studies of various samples for H, D, C, 14N and 15N. These will ultimately be correlated with micro-analytic techniques such as FIB/TEM or STXM/XANES. We analyzed matrix fragments from Bells (CM2), Al Rais (CR2) and Tagish Lake (unique) [2], high purity insoluble organic matter (IOM) [3] extracted from EET92042 (“EET”, CR2), Bells, Murchison (CM2), Allende (CV3), Krymka (LL3.1) and, for comparison, 3 IDPs

Classification of Metadata Categories in Data Warehousing - A Generic Approach

Using appropriate metadata is a central success factor for (re)engineering and using data warehouse systems effectively and efficiently. The approach presented in this paper aims to reduce the effort in developing and operating data warehouse systems and thus to increase the ability and acceptance of a data warehouse. To achieve these objectives identifying the appropriate metadata is an important task. To avoid processing the “wrong” object data and thus compromising the acceptance of a data warehouse system, a systematic approach to categorize and to identify the appropriate metadata is essential. This paper presents such a generic approach. After investing and structuring problem situations, that can occur in data warehousing, metadata categories are identified to solve a given problem situation. A use case illustrates the approach

SOFT: A synthetic synchrotron diagnostic for runaway electrons

Improved understanding of the dynamics of runaway electrons can be obtained by measurement and interpretation of their synchrotron radiation emission. Models for synchrotron radiation emitted by relativistic electrons are well established, but the question of how various geometric effects -- such as magnetic field inhomogeneity and camera placement -- influence the synchrotron measurements and their interpretation remains open. In this paper we address this issue by simulating synchrotron images and spectra using the new synthetic synchrotron diagnostic tool SOFT (Synchrotron-detecting Orbit Following Toolkit). We identify the key parameters influencing the synchrotron radiation spot and present scans in those parameters. Using a runaway electron distribution function obtained by Fokker-Planck simulations for parameters from an Alcator C-Mod discharge, we demonstrate that the corresponding synchrotron image is well-reproduced by SOFT simulations, and we explain how it can be understood in terms of the parameter scans. Geometric effects are shown to significantly influence the synchrotron spectrum, and we show that inherent inconsistencies in a simple emission model (i.e. not modeling detection) can lead to incorrect interpretation of the images.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figure

Coordination And Conflict In The Global Apparel Value Chain

The interdisciplinary paradigm of global value chains gives us a baseline understanding of how the $1.3 trillion apparel market is organized. Brands are believed to be largely responsible for industry organization. While there are many case studies of industries like apparel or electronics, they are rarely carried out with an ethnographic sensibility that digs into the interactions of conflict, coordination, and execution. My dissertation takes us inside apparel factories, buying agencies, and textile mills in India. I use organizational theory, economic sociology, and social psychology to gain an intimate understanding of how fashionable objects are anticipated, designed, sourced, planned, constructed, and tested. The chief substantive contribution of the work is the integration of multiple levels of analysis, from the transnational coordination of forecasting down to the micro analysis of assembly lines. Additional findings, like the existence of brokerage networks that mediate design from the global semi-periphery, counter 125 years of academic and political skepticism. At the brand level, again in contrast to existing evidence, I find that differences between luxury and discount brands extend throughout dozens of decisions and quality parameters. Different assessments are partially explained by occupational positioning. Our self-presentations are cut from global cloth

Were Presolar Grains Destroyed by the Nebular Process Responsible for the Volatile Element Fractionation?

We present SiC abundances from a number of CM and CR chondrites using NanoSIMS raster ion imaging of acid residues. We find higher SiC abundances for CRs than previously estimated based on noble gases

From Sickness to Badness: Michigan HIV Law as a Site of Social Control.

In the state of Michigan, people infected with HIV are required by law to disclose their HIV-status to their partners before engaging in sexual contact. Failure to do so is a felony, punishable by up to four years in prison. Like statutes in 32 states with HIV-specific criminal statutes, Michigan’s law does not require that the sexual contact pose a risk of HIV transmission. Indeed, despite scientific advances in treating and managing HIV disease, prosecutions for nondisclosure have continued unabated and appear to be on the rise. My dissertation explains this paradoxical trend by arguing that Michigan’s HIV disclosure law does not serve to control HIV as a virus but rather to identify it as a moral infection requiring interdiction and punishment. To make this case, my dissertation tackles three interrelated issues. In Chapter 2, I analyze how local health officials employ epidemiological surveillance technologies (such as contact tracing) in order to enforce the larger “health threat to others” statute, which includes the felony nondisclosure law but also confers upon public health authorities additional powers for controlling HIV-positive individuals. In Chapter 3, I analyze how legal actors transform HIV into a criminal matter in a court of law by framing nondisclosure as murderous and HIV-positive defendants as reckless killers – even in cases where the sexual contact alleged posed no risk of transmission. Finally, in Chapter 4, I examine disparities in conviction outcomes to show that heterosexuals bear the brunt of the law’s application – particularly black men and white women. While many proponents of HIV legal reform have argued that HIV-specific criminal laws are bad for public health, I conclude by arguing that the way state actors respond to these cases does not suggest that they are primarily interested in promoting public health. Their patterned reliance on punitive and moral discourses – as well as their ignorance and dismissal of scientific evidence – suggests that their understanding of these cases is tainted by stigma and morality. These ethical dimensions bear only a tenuous relationship to public health and medical evidence: their logic does not depend on science.PHDWomen's Studies and SociologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108782/1/thoppe_1.pd

Personal Transparency in Perspective: The Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Recruitment Process

The “transparency trend” is hot for the summer of 2011. At least that is what they said in the fashion capitals of Milan, Paris, and London. In the new summer collections, sheer seethrough dresses reveal the beauties of the human body and leave little to the imagination. Architects too are attracted by the intriguing properties of transparent materials to create a new perception of space and boundaries, which challenges some traditional understandings of private living and daily work life. Whereas in the past, it was a Puritan statement to live without curtains at the windows, to show you had nothing to hide, today, the transparent way of life is often used to enable the owner to display their wealth and luxury. Institutions have increasingly followed this transparency trend in fashion and architecture by using glass for their buildings. Transparency is not only a fashion trend, but also a political challenge. Fashion and politics meet in the huge glass buildings of the European Union in Brussels and Strasbourg, which reflect the Union’s strategy to improve its democratic legitimacy; one of the main aims of the Lisbon Treaty (2009). In terms of adaption to this see-through trend, institutions are not only voluntarily moving towards greater transparency, they are being ambushed by those who believe that information is a public good, which should not be guarded by a few. By revealing “suppressed and censored injustices” (WikiLeaks, n.d.), WikiLeaks practices what some call “guerrilla transparency” (The Economist, 2010). When people think of transparency, the recent commotion caused by WikiLeaks’ publication of thousands of documents on nationally and internationally sensitive issues is at the forefront of their minds. This event has triggered a worldwide debate on the balance between state security and citizens’ right to know

Correlated Microscale Isotope and Scanning Transmission X-Ray Analyses of Isotopically Anomalous Organic Matter from the CR2 Chondrite EET 92042

We discuss correlated examinations of organic matter from the CR2 chondrite EET 92042, using SIMS, STXM and other methods. We found a large, isotopically highly anomalous region of probable presolar origin that is C- and 13C-poor and 15N-rich