1,447 research outputs found
Development of high mobility channel layer formation technology for high speed CMOS Devices
Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH
Effective Field Theory of Dipolar Braiding Statistics in Two Dimensions
A rank-2 toric code (R2TC) Hamiltonian in two dimensions can be constructed
as a Higgsed descendant of rank-2 U(1) lattice gauge theory. As noted by the
authors recently, [Y.-T. Oh, J. Kim, E.-G. Moon, and J. H. Han, Phys. Rev. B
{\bf 105}, 045128] the quasiparticles in that model showed braiding statistics
that depends on the initial locations of the particles which participate in the
braiding. We argue that this new kind of statistical phase captures the total
dipole moment of quasiparticles encompassed in the braiding, whereas
conventional anyonic braiding sees the total charge. An Aharonov-Bohm
interpretation of such {\it dipolar braiding statistics} can be made in terms
of emergent, rank-1 vector potentials built from the underlying rank-2 gauge
fields. Pertinent field theories of the quasiparticle dynamics in the R2TC are
developed, which turn out to be highly interacting theories predicting their
constrained dynamics. The accompanying conservation laws are also of unusual
types. A {\it dipolar BF theory} of the rank-2 gauge fields is constructed and
shown to correctly capture the dipolar braiding statistics, in contrast to the
conventional BF theory capturing the {\it monopolar braiding statistics} of
anyons in the rank-1 toric code. A tight-binding model for the quasiparticle
dynamics in the R2TC involves two-particle as well as the one-particle hopping,
both of which are coupled to the tensor gauge fields.Comment: 6 pages, supplementary materials, 3 figure
A novel family VII esterase with industrial potential from compost metagenomic library
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Among the vast microbial genomic resources now available, most microbes are unculturable in the laboratory. A culture-independent metagenomic approach is a novel technique that circumvents this culture limitation. For the screening of novel lipolytic enzymes, a metagenomic library was constructed from compost, and the clone of <it>estCS2 </it>was selected for lipolytic properties on a tributyrin-containing medium.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The <it>estCS2 </it>sequence encodes a protein of 570 amino acid residues, with a predicted molecular mass of 63 kDa, and based on amino acid identity it most closely matches (45%) the carboxylesterase from <it>Haliangium ochraceum </it>DSM 14365. EstCS2 belong to family VII, according to the lipolytic enzyme classification proposed by Arpigny and Jaeger, and it retains the catalytic triad Ser<sub>245</sub>-Glu<sub>363</sub>-His<sub>466 </sub>that is typical of an α/β hydrolase. The Ser<sub>245 </sub>residue in the catalytic triad of EstCS2 is located in the consensus active site motif GXSXG. The EstCS2 exhibits strong activity toward <it>p</it>-nitrophenyl caproate (C6), and it is stable up to 60°C with an optimal enzymatic activity at 55°C. The maximal activity is observed at pH 9, and it remains active between pH 6-10. EstCS2 shows remarkable stability in up to 50% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylformamide (DMF). The enzyme has the ability to cleave sterically hindered esters of tertiary alcohol, as well as to degrade polyurethanes, which are widely used in various industries.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The high stability of EstCS2 in organic solvents and its activity towards esters of ketoprofen and tertiary alcohols, and in polyurethane suggests that it has potential uses for many applications in biotransformation and bioremediation.</p
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