The Neofunctionalists Were (almost) Right: Politicization and European Integration

This paper examines the politicization of European integration. We begin by asking how neofunctionalism and its precursor, functionalism, conceive the politics of regional integration. Then we turn to the evidence of the past two decades and ask how politicization has, in fact, shaped the level, scope, and character of European integration.political science; integration theory; neo-functionalism; identity; multilevel governance

Experts, Coders, and Crowds: An analysis of substitutability

Recent work suggests that crowd workers can replace experts and trained coders in common coding tasks. However, while many political science applications require coders to both and relevant information and provide judgment, current studies focus on a limited domain in which experts provide text for crowd workers to code. To address potential over-generalization, we introduce a typology of data producing actors - experts, coders, and crowds - and hypothesize factors which affect crowd-expert substitutability. We use this typology to guide a comparison of data from crowdsourced and expert surveys. Our results provide sharp scope conditions for the substitutability of crowd workers: when coding tasks require contextual and conceptual knowledge, crowds produce substantively dierent data from coders and experts. We also find that crowd workers can cost more than experts in the context of cross-national panels, and that one purported advantage of crowdsourcing - replicability - is undercut by an insucient number of crowd workers

NAFTA and Cross-Border Relations in Niagara, Detroit, and Vancouver

International audienceFirst, does free trade, and particularly economicintegration, lead to a process of functional interdependency and to cross-border linkages inNorth America? Second, do politics and institutions mediate this process? Specifically, howdoes the intergovernmental network linking local, regional, provincial/state, and federal institutionsmediate this process and impact local level initiatives? To investigate these questions, this work focuses on cross-border relations in three metropolitanborder areas: the Canadian-American border regions of Niagara-Niagara, Windsor-Detroit, and Vancouver-Seattle. This study takes a Canadian perspective and thus primarilyfocuses on Canada, Ontario, and British Columbia, and on Niagara, Windsor, and Vancouverand their border regions. The findings presented in this paper suggest that economic integrationmay lead to cross-border institution building when borderland communities also share the samevalue system