Éducation, industrie et État aux Pays-Bas

J.-J. Van Hoof und A.M.L. Van Wieringen, Bildung, Industrie und Staat in den Niederlanden. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Ausbreitung und die Veränderung der Beziehungen zwischen dem Ausbildungssystem, der Regierung und der Industrie in den Niederlanden als die Auswirkung des neueren Wechsels der Bildungs — und Ausbildungspolotik betrachtet. Der Autor ordnet das Bildungs — und Ausbildungswesen in drei Kategorien ein : in den berufsfachlichen Ausbildungsbereich, den Bereich der Industrieausbildung und den intermediären auf den Arbeitsmarkt angewiesenen Ausbildungsbereich. Das Bestehen eines freien Ausbildungsmarkt wird berücksichtigt. Der Aufsatz unterscheidet auch zwischen vier Typen der Ausbildungspolitik : die Zentralisation, der wirtschaftliche Eingriff (Einsatz der zentralisierten Geldmittel zur Förderung der Änderungen im Bildungswesen), die Dezentralisation und die Privatisierung. Die letzten Entwicklungen der jeweiligen Tendenzen werden überprüft. Der Autor beachtet besonders die Beziehungen zwischen Bildung und Industrie auf örtlicher Ebene. Der Artikel weist zum Schluss daraufhin, dass die Entscheidungspolitik im berufsfachlichen Bereich und im intermediären Bereich (traditionell zentralisiert) auf die Privatisierung und den wirtschaftlichen Eingriff gerichtet ist.J.-J. Van Hoof and A.M.L. Van Wieringen, Education, industry and the State in the Netherlands. This paper analyses the extension and transformation of linkages between the education/training system, government and industry in the Netherlands as a consequence of recent changes in education/training policy. It uses a threefold classification of education/training sectors : the sector for vocational education, the industrial training sector, and the intermediate sector for labour market training. The existence of a free training market is taken into account. Furthermore the paper distinguishes four modes of conducting (educational) policy : centralization, financial intervention (the use of central financial resources as incentives for bringing about changes in the educational field), decentralization, and privatisation. Recent developments in each sector are being reviewed. Special attention is paid to education- industry linkages at the local level. The paper concludes that policy making in the vocational and intermediate sectors (by tradition centralized) is moving towards privatization and financial intervention.Cet article analyse l'extension et la transformation des liens entre le système de formation, le gouvernement et l'industrie aux Pays-Bas comme une conséquence des changements récents dans la politique d'éducation et de formation. Il utilise une classification en trois catégories des secteurs de l'éducation et de la formation : le secteur de l'enseignement professionnel (technique), le secteur de la formation industrielle et le secteur intermédiaire de formation hé au marché du travail. L'existence d'un marché libre de la formation est prise en compte. Cet article distingue de surcroît quatre manières de mener une poUtique d'éducation : la centralisation, l'intervention économique (utilisation de ressources financières centralisées comme stimulant pour promouvoir des changements dans le champ éducatif), la décentralisation et la privatisation. Les développements récents de chacune de ces orientations sont passés en revue. Une attention particulière est prêtée aux liens entre l'éducation et l'industrie au niveau local. L'article conclut en indiquant que la politique décisionnelle dans le secteur de l'enseignement professionnel et le secteur intermédiaire (traditionnellement centralisé) tend vers la privatisation et l'intervention économique.Van Hoof J.J., Van Wieringen A.M.L. Éducation, industrie et État aux Pays-Bas. In: Formation Emploi. N.17, 1987. pp. 89-104

Remote age verification to prevent underage alcohol sales. First results from Dutch liquor stores and the economic viability of national adoption

Objectives Alcohol consumption among minors is a popular topic in the public health debate, also in the Netherlands. Compliance with the legal age limits for selling alcohol proves to be rather low. Some Dutch liquor stores (outlets with an exclusive license to sell off-premise drinks with 15% alcohol or more) have recently adopted a remote age verification system. This paper discusses the first results of the use of the system. Methods We use data from 67 liquor stores that adopted Ageviewers, a remote age verification system, in 2011. A remote validator judges the customer's age using camera footage and asks for an ID if there is any doubt. The system then sends a signal to the cash register, which approves or rejects the alcohol purchase. Results From the 367346 purchase attempts in the database, 8374 were rejected or aborted for age-related reasons. This figure amounts to an average ratio of 1.12 underage alcohol purchase attempts per sales day in each participating liquor store. Scaling up to a national level, the figures suggest at least 1 million underage alcohol purchase attempts per year in Dutch liquor stores. Discussion Underage alcohol purchases can be prevented by the nationwide adoption of remote age verification. However, given the lax enforcement of the age limits by the government, adopting such a system on a voluntary basis is generally not in the economic interest of the liquor stores. Obligatory installation of the system in off-premise alcohol outlets may pass a social cost–benefit test if certain conditions are fulfille

Enabling employees to work safely: the influence of motivation and ability in the design of safety instructions

Purpose: One of the major challenges for modern organizations is to create healthy and safe work environments, as evidenced by the number of occupational deaths (worldwide: four per minute), and an even higher number of injuries. This study explores different levels of motivation and ability, to identify which are most relevant for safety climate and safety performance. This study aims to pinpoint the areas information designers should focus on to most effectively contribute to healthy and safe work environments. Method: We designed a questionnaire for employees of a Dutch high-tech and high- risk warehouse, a workplace where safety regulations are important. The employees scored their attitudes regarding motivation, ability, safety climate, and safety performance. Results: The results confirmed the expected relationship between safety climate and safety performance. Of the explored sublevels of motivation and ability, personal motivation and external ability proved most relevant for creating a healthy safety climate and healthy safety performance. Conclusion: In the design of safety instructions, focusing on personal motivation and external ability seems a promising strategy for contributing to healthy and safe work environments, especially in high-risk environments