Conformational polymorphism of the antidiabetic drug chlorpropamide

In this paper, the main features of Raman spectroscopy, one of the first choice methods in the study of polymorphism in pharmaceuticals, are presented taking chlorpropamide as a case of study. The antidiabetic drug chlorpropamide (1-[4- chlorobenzenesulphonyl]-3-propyl urea),which belongs to the sulfonylurea class, is known to exhibit, at least, six polymorphic phases. These forms are characterized not onlyby variations in their molecular packingbut also intheir molecular conformation. In this study, the polymorphism of chlorpropamide is discussed on the basis of Raman scattering measurements and quantum mechanical calculations. The main spectroscopic features that fingerprint the crystalline forms are correlated with the corresponding crystalline structures. Using a theoretical approach on the energy dependence of the conformers, simulated molecular torsion angles are plotted versus the formation energy,which provides a satisfactory agreement between the torsion angles at the energy minima and the experimental values observed in the different solid forms of chlorpropamide angles at the energy minima and the experimental values observed in the different solid forms of chlorpropamide angles at the energy minima and the experimental values observed in the different solid forms of chlorpropamide versus the formation energy,which provides a satisfactory agreement between the torsion angles at the energy minima and the experimental values observed in the different solid forms of chlorpropamide.Fil: Ayala, A. P.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Universidade Estadual do Ceará; BrasilFil: Caetano, M. W. C.. Universidade Estadual do Ceará; BrasilFil: Honorato, S. B.. Universidade Estadual do Ceará; BrasilFil: Mendes Filho, J.. Universidade Estadual do Ceará; BrasilFil: Siesler, H. W.. Universitat Essen; AlemaniaFil: Faudone, Sonia Nerina. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Cuffini, Silvia Lucia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Martins, F. T.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Da Silva, C. C. P.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ellena, J.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

It Takes Two to Tango, Part II : Synthesis of A-Ring Functionalised Quinones Containing Two Redox-Active Centres with Antitumour Activities

In 2021, our research group published the prominent anticancer activity achieved through the successful combination of two redox centres (ortho-quinone/para-quinone or quinone/seleniumcontaining triazole) through a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The combination of two naphthoquinoidal substrates towards a synergetic product was indicated, but not fully explored. Herein, we report the synthesis of 15 new quinone-based derivatives prepared from click chemistry reactions and their subsequent evaluation against nine cancer cell lines and the murine fibroblast line L929. Our strategy was based on the modification of the A-ring of paranaphthoquinones and subsequent conjugation with different ortho-quinoidal moieties. As anticipated, our study identified several compounds with IC50 values below 0.5 µM in tumour cell lines. Some of the compounds described here also exhibited an excellent selectivity index and low cytotoxicity on L929, the control cell line. The antitumour evaluation of the compounds separately and in their conjugated form proved that the activity is strongly enhanced in the derivatives containing two redox centres. Thus, our study confirms the efficiency of using A-ring functionalized para-quinones coupled with ortho-quinones to obtain a diverse range of two redox centre compounds with potential applications against cancer cell lines. Here as well, it literally takes two for an efficient tango

Fruit residues as diet ingredients for Symphysodon Discus: nutrient figestibility.

The selection of ingredients is an important aspect for diets formulation for fish in captivity. The use of fruit industry by-products can be an alternative for inclusion in diets for ornamental fish, as discus fish case, to improve health and reduction of production costs, further to reducing the environmental impacts of fruits industries residues. The objective the studies was to evaluate the bioavailability of fruit industry by-products in the diet for discus fish by coefficients of digestibility. The digestibility of three by-products: pineapple by-product, mango by-product, and passion fruit by-product were evaluated. Thirty-two discus fish (106 ± 26.6 g) were distributed in 4 tanks for feeding and fecal collection, constituting an experimental design in Latin square (4 diets test- x 4 periods of fecal collection x 4 replicates). The three by-products had digestibility coefficients above 80%, 70%, and 69% for dry matter, protein, and fat, respectively, being possible to use them as a source of these nutrients in diets for the discus fish. However, it was observed that the mango and passion fruit by-product had the lowest energy digestibility coefficient, with bioavailabilities less than 50% of utilization. The co-products of the fruit processing industry tested in this work have nutritional conditions to be used as food for root discs. The use of these co-products as food for ornamental fish can be an alternative use and value. O uso de coprodutos como componentes de uma ração fornece compostos bioativos, sendo economicamente acessível e ecologicamente viável. Neste sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a biodisponibilidade de coprodutos da indústria de frutas na alimentação de acarás disco (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) determinando-se os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos macronutrientes. Foram avaliados a digestibilidade de três coprodutos: coproduto de abacaxi (Co-Ab), coproduto de manga (Co-Mg) e coproduto de maracujá (Co-Ma). Foram utilizados 32 acarás disco (106.0 ± 26.6 g) distribuídos em 4 incubadoras, constituindo-se de um delineamento experimental em quadrado latino (3 dietas-teste x 4 períodos de coleta de fezes x 4 repetições). Os coprodutos apresentaram coeficientes de digestibilidade acima de 82% para matéria seca, proteína e extrato etéreo, sendo possível sua utilização como fonte desses nutrientes em dietas para o acará disco. Porém os coprodutos de manga e de maracujá apresentaram os menores aproveitamentos com relação ao coeficiente de digestibilidade para energia, com biodisponibilidades menores de 50% de aproveitamento. Os coprodutos da indústria processadorade frutas testados neste trabalho possuem condições nutricionais para serem utilizados como alimento para acará disco. A utilização destes coprodutos como alimento para peixes ornamentais podem ser uma alternativa de uso e agregação de valor

Phytophthora theobromicola sp. nov.: a new species causing black pod disease on cacao in Brazil.

To assess the diversity of Phytophthora species affecting cacao in Brazil, 40 new isolates were obtained from cacao pods exhibiting symptoms of black pod disease collected in different smallholder farms in 2017. Further, ten cacao-infecting isolates morphologically identified as P. citrophthora and P. palmivora were molecularly characterized. The genomic regions beta-tubulin, elongation factor 1 alpha, heat shock protein 90, and internal transcribed spacer, and the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I and II genes were PCR-amplified and Sanger-sequenced from the cacao-infecting Phytophthora isolates