Pearson correlations between subjective measures and EEG power of alpha1 and alpha2 during music exposure.

Each dot represents each participants’ value during listening to the music.</p

Partial correlations between nodes during resting state.

Edges with nonsignificant partial correlations were removed. Note that the positive partial correlation between nHF and alpha2 power, highlighted by yellow shading, was also observed during music exposure (Fig 6).</p

Partial correlations between nodes during music exposure.

Edges with nonsignificant partial correlations were removed. The positive partial correlation between nHF and alpha2, highlighted by yellow shading, power was also observed during the resting state (Fig 5).</p

Fig 2 -

EEG power of (A) alpha1 and (B) alpha2 scores during resting state for pre- and post-task conditions, respectively. Each dot represents each participant. Blue triangles show the mean EEG power.</p

Average, standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of subjective ratings (arousal, valence), nHF, alpha 1 and alpha 2 for each song stimuli.

Average, standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of subjective ratings (arousal, valence), nHF, alpha 1 and alpha 2 for each song stimuli.</p

Pearson correlations between subjective measures and EEG power of alpha1 and alpha2 during resting state.

Each dot represents each participants’ value, which were calculated by subtraction of pre- and post-task measurements.</p

Fig 1 -

A. Power spectrum density plot of the eye-closed resting state EEG averaged over participants (electrodes: P3/4, O1/2), showing the peak alpha band (8–12 Hz) (the shaded area represents the standard error of the mean). B. Power spectrum density plot during the music exposure with eyes closed averaged over participants (electrodes: P3/4, O1/2) for 12 music stimuli. Each line represents each music stimulus, showing the peak alpha band for each stimulus.</p

Asymmetric quantum decision-making

Abstract Collective decision-making plays a crucial role in information and communication systems. However, decision conflicts among agents often impede the maximization of potential utilities within the system. Quantum processes have shown promise in achieving conflict-free joint decisions between two agents through the entanglement of photons or the quantum interference of orbital angular momentum (OAM). Nonetheless, previous studies have shown symmetric resultant joint decisions, which, while preserving equality, fail to address disparities. In light of global challenges such as ethics and equity, it is imperative for decision-making systems to not only maintain existing equality but also address and resolve disparities. In this study, we investigate asymmetric collective decision-making theoretically and numerically using quantum interference of photons carrying OAM or entangled photons. We successfully demonstrate the realization of asymmetry; however, it should be noted that a certain degree of photon loss is inevitable in the proposed models. We also provide an analytical formulation for determining the available range of asymmetry and describe a method for obtaining the desired degree of asymmetry