The Antithetical and Complimentary Relationship of "也" and "都 in Emphatic Complex Sentences

汉语中有很多表示强调的句式，其中强调意味较强的句式不约而同地使用了副词“也”或者“都”，其中一部分句式中“也”与“都”可以随意互换，有一部分却不大能够互换，而还有相当一部分强调句式中两个副词虽然能够互换，在表情达意上又有区别。以往对于“连……也/都”句式研究较多，却依然没有定论，其它句式的相关研究则较少。本文通过语料收集、调查分析等研究方法，在认知语言学原型范畴理论、家族相似性理论以及图式理论的注意力分布等相关理论的指导下，对这些句式进行分析，试图找出这些强调句式中的典型成员及非典型成员,并且对于使用“也”和“都”时注意力分布的不同点进行了分析。最终对“连……也/都”“无论/不管……也/都”“即使……也”“宁可……也”以及无标记的强调句式（紧缩复句）等常用强调句式中的“也”与“都”进行了初步的区别，找到它们在这些句式中的对立与替代关系，以期对这些句式的语法教学有一定的实际作用。Chinese has many types of sentence structures that show emphasis, the strongest of which are those that simultaneously use the adverbs "也" or "都" . Some of these sentences can use "也" or "都" interchangeably, others strictly forbid it. There are also a significant number of sentences where interchangeability of the two is possible, but doing so alters the sense of the ideas or feelings being conveyed. Previously, there has been a relatively large amount of scholarly attention paid to the syntactic structure "連…也/都" , however, no definitive conclusions as to its standing have been reached; conversely, other types of emphatic syntactic structures have received relatively little attention. This paper will conduct an analysis of emphatic syntactic structures that is based on collected data and survey analysis, while at the same time is guided by cognitive linguistics, family resemblance theory, and attention distribution schema theory. The goal of this paper is to discover the typical and atypical members of emphatic sentences as well as to analyze the attention distribution differences when using "也" and "都". Finally, with the purpose of offering a degree of practical grammatical teaching methodology, this paper will conduct an analysis of the differences between "也" and "都" in commonly used emphatic sentences like "連…也/都", "无論/不管…也/都" , "即使…也" , "宁可…也" , and marker-less emphatic sentences (compressed complex sentences) to find their antithetical and complimentary relationships

ジ ホンイ ヨ タイガイ カンゴジシ キョウガク

这篇文章从“字本位”理论出发，探讨了对外汉语教学字词教学的方法。徐通锵先生提出的“摆脱了印欧语眼光”的“字本位”理论，在语言学界造成重大影响，然而在汉语教学界却没有得到充分利用。在这一理论的指导下，我们试验出“由字入手，以字组词，连词成句”的汉语教学法，这种方法强调“字”的重要性，从而提高词汇教学效果。日本学生在学习汉语时，汉字方面有突出优势，“字本位”字词教学法能够充分利用这一优势，快速增加词汇量。In accordance with the theory of the sinogram as the basic unit, this paper investigates a novel method of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, especially in the area of vocabulary instruction. Since Professor Xu Tongqiang proposed the theory of "the sinogram as the basic unit" which "frees Chinese from the Indo-European language perspective", the field of linguistics has been profoundly affected. However, there has been insufficient application of this theory in the field of Chinese pedagogy. Proceeding from the sinogram, this paper tests this theory in respect to the forming of words and sentences in Chinese teaching methodology. This method emphasizes the importance of the sinogram and improves the results of vocabulary instruction. Owing to Japanese students\u27 familiarity with characters, they have a clear advantage when studying Chinese and this method can help them fully realize this advantage to rapidly expand vocabulary