Immunohistochemical study of intracranial arteries.

<p>A and D: immunoreactivity indicating that α-SMA is detected in the thickened intima of MCA of patients with MMD (black arrows), <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036386#pone-0036386-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5D</a> is an enlarged region (box) of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036386#pone-0036386-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5A</a>; B and E: immunoreactivity indicating that S100A4 protein is detected in the thickened intima and media smooth muscle cells (black arrows), <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036386#pone-0036386-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5E</a> is an enlarged region (box) of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036386#pone-0036386-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5B</a>; F: vascular smooth muscle cells, especially the damaged internal elastic lamina, showed intense immunoreactivity of IgG (black arrows); C: the same area of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036386#pone-0036386-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5F</a>, black arrows indicate the stratified internal elastic lamina (Ponceau/Victoria blue staining). The red stars indicate lumen of the blood vessels. (A, B) ×40, (C, D, E, F) ×200.</p

Photomicrographs of brain vessels in MMD patients.

<p>A and B: narrow lumen with intimal thickening and attenuation of media in middle cerebral artery (Ponceau/Victoria blue staining, A: ×40, B: ×100), black arrows indicate stratified internal elastic lamina, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036386#pone-0036386-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4B</a> is an enlarged region (box) of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036386#pone-0036386-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4A</a>; C and D: vacuolar degeneration (black arrows) in cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells (H&E staining, C: ×40, D: ×100), <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036386#pone-0036386-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4D</a> is an enlarged region (box) of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036386#pone-0036386-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4C</a>.</p

Macroscopical and microscopical findings at autopsy.

<p>A: malformation of the vascular network around the proximal middle cerebral artery (white arrow); B: fine vascular network indicated by black arrows (Ponceau/Victoria blue staining, ×100); C: subarachnoid hemorrhage in the right parieto-temporal area; D: subarachnoid hemorrhage in right parietal lobe (H&E staining, ×100); yellow stars indicate the hemorrhagic area.</p

Kaplan-Meier plot for stroke-free survival after treatment.

<p>Kaplan-Meier plot for stroke-free survival after treatment.</p

The mean EL of offsprings over 4-day training periods in the Morris water maze test.

<div><p><b>A</b>: The learning curves for the offspring rats from different groups over the course of 4-day training periods in the Morris water maze test were showed. </p> <p><b>B</b>: The mean EL of the offspring rats from different groups (control group, n= 12; 5 min HIE group, n= 13; 10 min HIE group, n= 12; 15 min HIE group, n= 10) were expressed as mean ± S.D.. <i>a</i>: compared with the control group; <i>b</i>: compared with the 5 min HIE group; <i>c</i>: compared with the 10 min HIE group. The P values were showed in the bracket.</p></div

TUNEL staining of apoptotic cells in the brains of neonatal offspring rats from different groups.

<div><p><b>A</b>: Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining (dark brown, indicated by arrows) in the brains of offspring rats at PND 1 after ischemic injury. Scale bar: 400μm. </p> <p><b>B</b>: Total TUNEL-positive cells were calculated in six randomly chosen views (three in hippocampus and three in cerebral cortex). Total TUNEL-positive cells per view from different groups (n=12 in each group) at PND 1 were showed. The results were expressed as mean ± S.D.. <i>a</i>: compared with the control group; <i>b</i>: compared with the 5 min HIE group; <i>c</i>: compared with the 10 min HIE group. The P values were showed in the bracket.</p></div

An Obtuse Rhombohedral Superlattice Assembled by Pt Nanocubes

We grew large single three-dimensional supercrystals from colloidal Pt nanocubes (NCs) suspended in hexane. A synchrotron-based two circle diffractometer was used to obtain an unprecedented level of detail from full sets of small/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) patterns. Automatic indexing and simulations of X-ray patterns enabled detailed reconstruction of NC translation and shape orientation within the supercrystals from atomic to mesometric levels. The supercrystal has an obtuse rhombohedral (Rh) superlattice with space group <i>R</i>3<i>m</i> and a trigonal cell angle of 106.2°. Individual NCs orient themselves in a manner of atomic Pt[111] parallel to superlattice Rh[111]. We analyzed the superlattice structure in context of three spatial relationships of proximate NCs including face-to-face, edge-to-edge, and corner-to-corner configurations. Detailed analysis of supercrystal structure reveals nearly direct corner-to-corner contacts and a tight interlocking NC structure. We employed the correlations between strain and lattice distortion and established the first structural correlating mechanism between five superlattice polymorphs to elucidate the superlattice transformations and associated developing pathways. Together, the experimental and modeling results provide comprehensive structural information toward controlling design and efficient materials-processing for large fabrication of nanobased functional materials with tailored structures and desired properties

Survival curves of neonatal offspring rats from different groups.

<p>The survival curves of offspring rats were displayed at PND 35 (control group, n=12; 5 min HIE group, n= 14; 10 min HIE group, n= 21; 15 min HIE group, n= 24).</p

Expression of BDNF in the hippocampal of offspring rats from different groups.

<div><p><b>A</b>: A representative Western blot of BDNF protein in the hippocampal of offspring rats from different groups was showed. </p> <p><b>B</b>: Relative levels of BDNF in the hippocampal of offspring rats from different groups (control group, n= 12; 5 min HIE group, n= 13; 10 min HIE group, n= 12; 15 min HIE group, n= 10) at PND 35 were expressed as mean ± S.D.. <i>a</i>: compared with the control group; <i>b</i>: compared with the 5 min HIE group; <i>c</i>: compared with the 10 min HIE group. The P values were showed in the bracket.</p></div

Summary of patients with MMD in Chaoshan District.^a

a<p>No: number.</p