Modified Wright staining of ZK1 and ZK2 cell lines compared with primary alveolar macrophages

Primary AMs were isolated from wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and from MARCOand SR-AI/II(MS) mice. ZK1 and ZK2 cells were identified as macrophages by their large, dark nuclei and abundant pale, granular cytoplasm containing numerous vacuoles.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Characterization of immortalized MARCO and SR-AI/II-deficient murine alveolar macrophage cell lines"</p><p>http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/5/1/7</p><p>Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2008;5():7-7.</p><p>Published online 2 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2427050.</p><p></p

Growth rate of the continuous murine alveolar macrophage single cell clones ZK1 (◆), ZK2 (■) and ZK6 (▲)

Cells were seeded in six-well plate at 2 × 10cells/ml and incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO-humidified atmosphere in RPMI/10% FBS complete medium. Three wells per clone were harvested with cold PBS at 14 h and 18 h post seeding, and cells from each well were counted by a hemocytometer with trypan blue exclusion of dead cells. The obtained average cell count for each clone at each time point was plotted against the time. Doubling time (mean generation time = mgt) was calculated according the formula: N = N2. N is the number of cells at any time T; N, is the number of cells at an initial point. The doubling time of ZK cell lines is approximately 14 hours.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Characterization of immortalized MARCO and SR-AI/II-deficient murine alveolar macrophage cell lines"</p><p>http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/5/1/7</p><p>Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2008;5():7-7.</p><p>Published online 2 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2427050.</p><p></p

Fc-receptor on ZK1 cells mediated phagocytosis of opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBC)

ZK1 cells were plated at 1 × 10cells/well in a 6-well plate containing a sterile micro cover glass per well in RPMI complete medium for overnight at 37°C. Unopsonized (as negative control) or preopsonized SRBC were plated on monolayer of ZK1 cells at a ratio of 20:1 and incubated at 37°C for 1 h. After removal of free SRBC by medium exchange and lysis by osmotic shock, the cells on the cover glass were fixed and stained with a modified Wright stain, subsequently examined by light microscopy. Panel , ZK1 cells were unable to ingest unopsonized SRBC after lysis. Some free SRBC were present without lysis as background. Panel , approximately 80% of ZK1 cells were positive phagocytosis of opsonized SRBC.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Characterization of immortalized MARCO and SR-AI/II-deficient murine alveolar macrophage cell lines"</p><p>http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/5/1/7</p><p>Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2008;5():7-7.</p><p>Published online 2 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2427050.</p><p></p

ZK1, ZK2 and ZK6 cell lines are MARCOand SR-AI/II(MS) by PCR genotyping

With primers for SR-A, amplifies a 325 bp DNA fragment from the C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) allele; with SR-AI/II mutant allele primers, amplifies a 434 bp DNA fragment from SRA-deficient ZK1, ZK2 and ZK6 cells. With primers for MARCO wild-type allele, amplifies a 500 bp DNA fragment from WT mice; with primers for MARCO mutant allele, amplifies a 850 bp DNA fragment from ZK cells. ZK1, ZK2 and ZK6 clones exhibited both MARCO and SRA-I/II-deficient. PCR products, ca.10 μl/each was resolved on a 1.5% agarose gel by gel electrophoresis. M, 100 bp DNA marker.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Characterization of immortalized MARCO and SR-AI/II-deficient murine alveolar macrophage cell lines"</p><p>http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/5/1/7</p><p>Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2008;5():7-7.</p><p>Published online 2 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2427050.</p><p></p

Selectfluor-Promoted Sequential Reactions via Allene Intermediates: Metal-Free Construction of Fused Polycyclic Skeletons

Polycyclic skeletons are present in numerous important compounds, such as synthetic intermediates and target molecules of biological interest. In this paper, a Selectfluor-promoted construction of polycyclic skeletons with high synthetic efficiency was developed

ZK cell lines and primary AMs with MS significantly diminished phagocytosis of fluorescent latex beads

Wild type primary AMs were used as control. Values shown are the means ± SD from four separate experiments. **Significant difference from WT control, < 0.001. () Polyinosinic acid (PolyI) had no effect but dextran sulfate (DS) increased binding by ZK1 cells. In contrast, PolyI and DS marked reduced wild-type AM binding of the latex beads. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD and compared to the control in each group (WT, MS, ZK1, respectively). *Significant difference compared with ZK1 (< 0.05); **Significant difference compared with WT (< 0.001). PolyI and DS (500 kDa), 10 μg/ml each. () The inhibition of ZK1 cells binding of the latex beads by dextran sulfate was size-dependent. Only smaller 5-8-kDa dextran sulfate was able to inhibit ZK1 cells binding of the latex beads. Data were shown as means ± SD. * < 0.05 versus control (n = 4). DS, 10 μg/ml.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Characterization of immortalized MARCO and SR-AI/II-deficient murine alveolar macrophage cell lines"</p><p>http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/5/1/7</p><p>Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2008;5():7-7.</p><p>Published online 2 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2427050.</p><p></p

Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Quinolines via the Sequence of Propargyl–Allenyl Isomerization and Aza-electrocyclization

Quinoline derivatives are important heterocyclic compounds because of their natural occurrence and applications in pharmaceutical fields. In this paper, a sequence of propargyl–allenyl isomerization and aza-electrocyclization for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized quinolines are described

Nucleophilic Functionalizations of Aniline Derivatives: Aromatic Pummerer Reaction for Umpolung Halogenation and Hydroxylation on Benzene Ring

In this paper, a metal-free protocol of nucleophilic <i>ortho</i>-halogenation and hydroxylation of anilines via an aromatic Pummerer process is reported

Synthesis and Reactivity of a Hydrido CNC Pincer Cobalt(III) Complex and Its Application in Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones

Reaction of the <i>N</i>-benzylidene-1-naphthylamine with CoMe­(PMe₃)₄ afforded the hydrido CNC pincer cobalt complex CoH­(PMe₃)₂­[(C₆H₄)­CHN­(C₁₀H₆)] (<b>1</b>) via double C–H bond activation. In the ¹H NMR spectrum, a triplet at −18.98 ppm is the typical signal of the hydrido ligand (Co–H). Complex <b>1</b> reacted with haloalkane (CH₃I and EtBr) to deliver CoX­(PMe₃)₂((C₆H₄)­CHN­(C₁₀H₆)) (X = I (<b>2</b>); Br (<b>3</b>)). However, the reactions of complex <b>1</b> with HCl and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) delivered HCoCl­(PMe₃)₂((C₆H₄)­CHN­(C₁₀H₇)) (<b>4</b>) and HCo­(OCOCF₃)­(PMe₃)₂­((C₆H₄)­CHN­(C₁₀H₇)) (<b>5</b>) with the cleavage of the Co–C­(naphthyl) bond. In the ¹H NMR spectra, the signals of the hydrido ligands were found at −21.31 (<b>4</b>) and −18.71 (<b>5</b>) ppm. A reaction of complex <b>1</b> with DCl was carried out to prove that the hydrogen atom eliminated to the naphthyl carbon comes from HCl. Complex <b>1</b> reacted with acetylacetone, resulting in the formation of Co­(acac)­(PMe₃)₂­((C₆H₅)­CHNH­(C₁₀H₆)) (<b>7</b>). Complex <b>1</b> was found to be an efficient catalyst for hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones. The molecular structures of complex <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>7</b> were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction

Regioselective Neighboring-Group-Participated 2,4-Dibromohydration of Conjugated Enynes: Synthesis of 2‑(2,4-Dibromobut-2-enoyl)benzoate and Its Applications

A regioselective 2,4-dibromohydration of conjugated enynes is reported for the synthesis of 2-(2,4-dibromobut-2-enoyl)­benzoate. In the presence of tetra-<i>n</i>-butyl­ammonium bromide and H₂O the transformation proceeds smoothly with good reaction efficiency and a broad reaction scope. Mechanism studies indicate that the neighboring ester group participates in the 2,4-dibromohydration, and the oxygen atom of ester is transferred into the C–C triple bond to form the keto carbonyl group in the product. 2-(2,4-Dibromobut-2-enoyl)­benzoate is recognized as an important synthon toward phthalazin-1­(2<i>H</i>)-one and the natural product <i>Shihunine</i>