Selective Piperidine Synthesis Exploiting Iodine-Catalyzed C_sp³–H Amination under Visible Light

A route to selective piperidine formation through intramolecular catalytic C_sp³–H amination is described. This hydrocarbon amination reaction employs a homogeneous iodine catalyst derived from halogen coordination between molecular iodine and a terminal oxidant. It relies on visible light initiation and proceeds within two catalytic cycles that comprise a radical C–H functionalization and an iodine-catalyzed C–N bond formation. Under these conditions, the commonly observed preference for pyrrolidine synthesis based on halogenated nitrogen intermediates within the Hofmann–Löffler domain is effectively altered in favor of a free-radical-promoted piperidine formation. The protocol is demonstrated for a total of 30 applications

Rare event analysis of DC subsets by flow cytometry: mDCs (R3) and pDCs (R4).

<p>Rare event analysis of DC subsets by flow cytometry: mDCs (R3) and pDCs (R4).</p

Association between 1p11-rs11249433 Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Susceptibility: Evidence from 15 Case-Control Studies

<div><p>Genome-wide association studies have identified SNP rs11249433 at chromosome 1p11 as a new breast cancer (BC) susceptibility locus in populations of European descent. Since then, the relationship between 1p11- rs11249433 and breast cancer has been reported in various ethnic groups; however, these studies have yielded inconsistent results. To investigate this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis of 15 studies involving a total of 90,154 cases and 137,238 controls for 1p11-rs11249433 polymorphism to evaluate its effect on genetic susceptibility for breast cancer. An overall random effects odds ratio of 1.09 (95% CI: 1.06-1.12, P<10^-5) was found for rs11249433-G variant. Significant results were also observed for heterozygous (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.12, P<10^-5) and homozygote (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.08-1.21, P<10^-5). There was strong evidence of heterogeneity, which largely disappeared after stratification by ethnicity. After stratified by ethnicity, significant associations were found among Caucasians. However, no significant associations were detected among East Asian and African populations. In addition, we found that rs11249433 polymorphism on 1p11 confer risk, exclusively for ER-positive tumors with per-allele OR of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08-1.18; P <10^-5) compared to ER-negative tumors of 1.01 (95% CI: 0.98-1.04; P=0.49). Similar results were also observed when stratified by PR status. Our findings demonstrated that rs11249433-G allele is a risk-conferring factor for the development of breast cancer, especially in Caucasians.</p></div

Membrane fouling control in the integrated process of magnetic anion exchange and ultrafiltration

<p>Magnetic anion exchange (MIEX) has been increasingly concerned owing to its excellent performance for the removal of dissolved organic carbon in the treatment of drinking water. In this study, the ability of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling control was analyzed by different combination processes of MIEX-UF. A single cycle and multi-cycle operations were conducted, and the separated and integrated processes of MIEX-UF were compared. Membrane filtration resistance, removal of organics, and morphologies of the membrane surface were analyzed. The results of the short-term operation did not show any obvious improvement in the membrane fouling control in the separated process (compared to UF alone); however, a marked improvement was obtained in the integrated process. The membrane filtration resistance analysis showed that the cake resistance (<i>R</i>_c) and pore blocking resistance (<i>R</i>_p) in the integrated process were only 52 and 24% of the values in the separated process. The multi-cycle operation demonstrated that the cumulative rate of hydraulically irreversible fouling was 0.0021 in the integrated process and was much lower than that in the separated process (0.0182). The mechanistic analysis shows that in the integrated process, a dynamic layer was formed on the membrane surface by the deposited MIEX beads, which markedly decreased the accumulation of the membrane foulants on the membrane surface and in the membrane pores.</p

Representative plots of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tregs from individual subjects in the HIV-1-infected patients at week 0, week 60, healthy controls and LTNPs.

<p>Representative plots of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tregs from individual subjects in the HIV-1-infected patients at week 0, week 60, healthy controls and LTNPs.</p

The association of DC subsets with viral loads and CD4+Tcells.

<p>(A–B) Correlation between DC subsets counts and plasma viral loads, CD4+Tcells counts during ART. (C–D) Correlation between change in counts of DC subsets at week 8 and the change in plasma viral loads, CD4+Tcells counts at week 60 post ART.</p

Longitudinal changes in the percentage and counts of Tregs during ART (weeks).

<p>(A–B) Longitudinal changes in the percentage and counts of Tregs in HIV-1-infected patients during ART. (C–D) Comparisons of the percentage and counts of Tregs among HIV-1-infected patients at week 0, week 60, healthy controls and LTNPs. **<i>p</i><0.01, *<i>p</i><0.05.</p

Longitudinal changes in DC subsets and IFN-a plasma levels during ART (weeks).

<p>(A–C) Longitudinal changes in counts of mDCs, pDCs and IFN-a plasma levels in HIV-1-infected patients during ART. (D–F) Comparisons of mDCs, pDCs and IFN-a plasma levels among HIV-1-infected patients at week 0, week 60, healthy controls and LTNPs. **<i>p</i><0.01, *<i>p</i><0.05.</p

The association of DC subsets with Tregs percentage.

<p>(A) Correlation between mDCs counts and Tregs percentage during ART. (B) Correlation between pDCs counts and Tregs percentage during ART.</p

Forest plot for association of 1p11-rs11249433 polymorphism and BC risk.

<p>Forest plot for association of 1p11-rs11249433 polymorphism and BC risk.</p